{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:20:47Z","timestamp":1759969247230,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recurrent cystitis is a prevalent condition, especially among postmenopausal women, significantly impairing their quality of life. Antibiotic therapy has historically been the primary treatment; however, concerns over antimicrobial resistance have highlighted the need for alternative therapies. Vaginal laser therapy, a noninvasive approach, has shown promise in improving vaginal health and may help prevent recurrent cystitis. This study assessed the efficacy of vaginal laser therapy in reducing cystitis episodes and improving the vaginal environment among postmenopausal women with recurrent cystitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective study involved 51 postmenopausal women who received vaginal laser therapy between January 2023 and July 2024. Eligible patients underwent a pretreatment phase with estriol ovules, followed by vaginal laser therapy. The Vaginal Health Index (VHI), vaginal pH, and cystoscopic findings were evaluated before and after treatment and are presented as median (interquartile range). The cystitis\u2010free interval (CFI) was calculated to assess the duration between treatment and recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median number of cystitis episodes significantly decreased from 4 (3\u20136) in the 6 months before treatment to 0 (0\u20131) in the 6 months after treatment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 unless stated otherwise). The median CFI was 9.2 months. The VHI score significantly improved from 10 (9\u201313) to 18 (15\u201321), and vaginal pH significantly decreased from 8.0 to 5.5. Cystoscopic assessments indicated significant improvements in the atrophy of vaginal and periurethral tissues. Only grade 1 adverse events (7.8%) were observed, including vaginal pain and dyspareunia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vaginal laser therapy significantly reduced cystitis episodes and improved vaginal tissue health in postmenopausal women with recurrent cystitis. These findings suggest that this therapy may represent a promising alternative in selected patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes and prospective designs are required to confirm these results and investigate the long\u2010term benefits of vaginal laser therapy in managing recurrent cystitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.70061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T07:59:44Z","timestamp":1756886384000},"page":"700-707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vaginal Laser Therapy as a Potential Treatment Option for Postmenopausal Women With Recurrent Cystitis: Initial Experience From a Single Institution"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6086-6488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Abe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nihonbashi Pelvic Floor Clinic Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Urology Kameda Medical Center Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2599-8183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Urabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology The Jikei University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Nakazono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Kameda Medical Center Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Kawaharada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nihonbashi Pelvic Floor Clinic Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5673-1553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology The Jikei University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2013.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.uti-0002-2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f3140"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000002860"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"EAU Guidelines. Edn. presented at the EAU Annual Congress Paris published 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000329"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2014.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Long\u2010Term Non\u2010Hormonal Treatment of Vaginal Dryness","volume":"8","author":"Achmann G. A.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clinical Practice in Sexuality"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309093291102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000749"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01054-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2018.1551871"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens5020036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2016.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.uti-0025-2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.14636"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000839"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-017-3352-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/378203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000761"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22569"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2020.1764525"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Surgery and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lsm.70061","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T04:15:56Z","timestamp":1759896956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lsm.70061"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lsm.70061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.70061","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-8092","1096-9101"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0196-8092"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1096-9101"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}