{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T03:55:25Z","timestamp":1765338925677,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We propose a non\u2010destructive laser method that uses controlled thermomechanical action to treat degenerative cartilage changes. The technique aims to reduce pain, offers a minimally invasive option for early\u2010 to mid\u2010stage degeneration, and lessens the need for joint replacement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An ex vivo study on laser treatment of articular cartilage involves theoretical modeling of laser\u2010induced heating, stress relaxation, and cartilage denaturation. Theoretical model simulates the laser treatment of a multilayer system using modulated infrared radiation. It integrates the 3D heat diffusion equation with a thermomechanical model of stress relaxation and micropore formation caused by the rupture of chemical bonds. The risk of tissue denaturation is estimated with Arrhenius model. The model validation involves ex vivo temperature measurements obtained with a thermal imaging camera and experimental histological data from pig joints. This approach helps define the optimal laser dosimetry that encourages cartilage repair without causing overheating or denaturation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Experimental measurements of cartilage temperature and histological structural changes under laser irradiation confirm the model's predictions. The therapeutic window includes a lower limit marking the onset of effective stress relaxation and pore formation, while the upper limit indicates the threshold of tissue overheating and denaturation. Laser irradiation of an articular cartilage with\n                      <jats:italic>\u03bb<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091470\u2009nm, pulse duration 100\u2009ms, pulse repetition rate 1\u2009Hz, and fiber diameter 0.6\u2009mm shows that the therapeutic window is in the range of 0.5\u20130.9\u2009W. This therapeutic window is wide enough and depends little on the parameters of cartilage defect being treated or on the conditions of laser radiation delivery for a particular patient.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Laser\u2010induced heating and structural changes in cartilage verify theoretical predictions, establishing a safe and effective therapeutic window. These findings support clinical trials of the 1470\u2009nm laser, used alongside arthroscopy, to repair degenerative cartilage and alleviate knee pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.70072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T03:51:36Z","timestamp":1759809096000},"page":"827-836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Therapeutic Window of Laser Dosimetry for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3650-641X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yulia","family":"Alexandrovskaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Terra Quantum AG St. Gallen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Feldchtein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terra Quantum AG St. Gallen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Glatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anatoly","family":"Shekhter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Regenerative Medicine I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizaveta","family":"Kon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital Rozzano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerii","family":"Vinokur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terra Quantum AG St. Gallen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emil","family":"Sobol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terra Quantum AG St. Gallen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23176"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19930501-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100130403"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2021.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1533\/9780857097545.4.628"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2017.4425"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00440577"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00592961"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-014-1600-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10731190009119362"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"585","article-title":"Effect of Low\u2010Level Laser Therapy on Osteoarthropathy in Rabbit","volume":"18","author":"Cho H. 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