{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:04:32Z","timestamp":1787508272767,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To theoretically evaluate the efficacy and safety of large\u2010spot (i.e., &gt;\u20094\u2009mm) picosecond laser treatment for pigmented lesions in Asian skin using a melanosome disruption threshold fluence (MDTF) model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MDTF model was applied to calculate the required fluence for melanosome disruption with 532, 730, 755, 785, and 1064\u2009nm picosecond lasers. To assess potential complication risks, energy deposition in surrounding tissues was simulated. Additionally, a clinical case series was conducted using a 1064\u2009nm picosecond laser with a large spot size to evaluate its feasibility for treating an ectopic Mongolian spot and a nevus of Ota.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At 532\u2009nm, spot size had minimal impact on the required fluence for epidermal melanosome disruption and on collateral energy deposition. For 730\u20131064\u2009nm wavelengths, the optimal spot size depended on the lesion depth. When targeting epidermal melanosomes, smaller spot sizes confined energy deposition to superficial layers, reducing collateral exposure. In contrast, for dermal melanosomes, larger spot sizes reduced the required fluence by 39%\u201365% and lowered collateral energy deposition, while also decreasing variation in required fluence across lesion depths. In the clinical validation, both dermal cases showed good clearance without adverse events, supporting the feasibility of this approach. However, increasing the energy output of laser devices may be necessary to achieve sufficient efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The theoretical analysis shows that at 532\u2009nm, both small and large spot sizes can be effective for treating epidermal lesions. In contrast, at near\u2010infrared wavelengths, smaller spot sizes are preferable for epidermal lesions, whereas larger spot sizes are advantageous for dermal lesions, potentially lowering the risk of complications while maintaining effective target disruption. These findings provide practical clinical guidance by clarifying wavelength\u2010 and spot\u2010size\u2010specific strategies according to target depth. Furthermore, the present results may help optimize treatment parameters and device specifications and inform future clinical studies using large\u2010spot picosecond laser systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.70086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T07:05:19Z","timestamp":1766473519000},"page":"135-149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Theoretical Analysis of Large\u2010Spot Picosecond Laser Treatment for Pigmented Lesions in Asian Skin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2102-1735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Shimojo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Tokyo 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