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Additionally, the photodynamic action of curcumin as a photosensitizer was examined in multiwell plates, which were then irradiated with a 450\u2010nm LED. The effect of the combination over time was determined by colony\u2010forming units per milliliter, using the determined subinhibitory parameters of antibiotics and PDI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PDI alone significantly reduced bacterial viability, achieving over 3\u2010log reductions at optimal conditions (2.5\u2009\u00b5M curcumin, 6.4\u2009J\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). When combined with antibiotics, PDI markedly enhanced bactericidal activity, particularly with \u03b2\u2010lactams, producing up to 2.8\u2009log greater reductions than antibiotics alone. Notably, three consecutive PDI treatments led to substantial MIC reductions, up to 128\u2010fold for\n                      <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      . We identified that the synergistic effect of curcumin\u2010PDI is highly time\u2010dependent, revealing a dynamic susceptibility window that can be exploited for enhanced antibiotic action. These results support curcumin\u2010PDI as both an antimicrobial tool and a sensitizer agent that enhances antibiotic efficacy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study highlights that optimal timing of PDI application is key to maximizing its synergistic effects with antibiotics, revealing that PDI is most effective when applied during specific stages of bacterial response to antibiotic stress, potentially redefining adjuvant treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.70116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T17:59:37Z","timestamp":1772992777000},"page":"331-342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Targeting the Dynamic Susceptibility Window: Time\u2010Sensitive Photodynamic Synergy With Antibiotics Against Streptococcus spp"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Isabella S.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PPG Biotec Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos S\u00e3o Carlos Brazil"},{"name":"S\u00e3o Carlos Institute of Physics University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Carlos Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2978-7076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Carlos Institute of Physics University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Carlos Brazil"},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Texas A&amp;M University College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4833-239X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanderlei S.","family":"Bagnato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Carlos Institute of Physics University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Carlos Brazil"},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Texas A&amp;M University College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0361-9725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate C.","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Carlos Institute of Physics University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Carlos Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2015. 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