{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:38:48Z","timestamp":1782286728848,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004912","name":"Sichuan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21H0103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H0103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Basic Research Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFC2009100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2009100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Vaginal relaxation syndrome (VRS) is a common condition that adversely affects women's quality of life. Conventional non\u2010surgical therapies provide limited benefit for patients with mild to moderate disease. Fractional CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      laser (FxCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) therapy has emerged as a minimally invasive treatment option; however, its long\u2010term efficacy and safety remain to be fully elucidated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of FxCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      in women with mild to moderate VRS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This prospective self\u2010controlled study enrolled 101 women diagnosed with mild to moderate VRS. All participants underwent three sessions of FxCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      treatment at 4\u2010week intervals. Clinical outcomes were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the final treatment using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Vaginal Laxity Questionnaire (VLQ), and Vaginal Health Index (VHI). Adverse events were recorded throughout the follow\u2010up period.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All primary outcome measures improved following treatment. The mean FSFI total score increased from 21.4 to 25.9, the VLQ score improved from 2.68 to approximately 3.0, and the VHI score increased from 17.0 to 19.25 (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Subgroup analyses indicated that treatment efficacy was not significantly influenced by parity, age, or the presence of concomitant urinary incontinence. Only mild and transient adverse events were reported, all of which resolved spontaneously.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      FxCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      therapy effectively improves sexual function, subjective vaginal tightness, and vaginal mucosal health in women with vaginal relaxation syndrome. The short\u2010term efficacy is favorable, with no significant safety concerns observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.70128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T14:06:08Z","timestamp":1775397968000},"page":"402-411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fractional CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Laser Treatment for Female Vaginal Relaxation Syndrome: A Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Qiao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1326-1459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yajing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Chengdu Sichuan 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