{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:19:29Z","timestamp":1791487169389,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically evaluate wavefront shaping (WFS) as a strategy for deep\u2010tissue phototherapy, assessing progress and translational readiness across four clinically relevant dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Narrative review of three mainstream WFS strategies\u2014feedback iterative optimization, transmission matrix (TM) measurement, and optical phase conjugation (OPC)\u2014evaluated against the core requirements of phototherapy: penetration depth, energy deposition accuracy, dynamic stability, and clinical translation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Time\u2010reversal of ultrasound\u2010encoded (TRUE)\u2010based WFS has achieved TRUE\u2010based WFS has demonstrated focusing through approximately 2\u2009mm of living brain tissue, substantially exceeding the approximately 1\u2009mm limit of conventional optics. Peak\u2010to\u2010background ratios (PBR) exceeding 400 have been demonstrated with natural gradient optimization algorithms, and millisecond\u2010scale system response times have been achieved with digital optical phase conjugation. However, no study has simultaneously demonstrated millisecond\u2010scale correction and sustained, therapeutically effective, and safe light\u2010dose delivery in a living model, and only one study has established a quantitative relationship between WFS optical optimization and a biophysical therapeutic endpoint.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>WFS demonstrates compelling optical capabilities that directly address the physical barriers limiting conventional phototherapy. Clinical translation requires a shift from optical demonstration to therapeutic validation, incorporating standardized preclinical protocols, absolute light\u2010dose measurement at the target, and multidimensional biological endpoint assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.70186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T18:34:32Z","timestamp":1785868472000},"page":"736-744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Wavefront Shaping for Deep\u2010Tissue Therapeutic Light Delivery: From Optical Focusing to Precision Photomedicine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Regeneration laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Neurorepair Tianjin China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &amp; Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinze","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Regeneration laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Neurorepair Tianjin China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &amp; Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duheng","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Regeneration laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Neurorepair Tianjin China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &amp; Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxi","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Regeneration laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Neurorepair Tianjin China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &amp; Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3379-9053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianwu","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Regeneration laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Neurorepair Tianjin China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &amp; Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4821-7562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huijuan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Regeneration laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Neurorepair Tianjin China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &amp; Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20368"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochemrev.2011.06.001S"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b108586g"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2012.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.12.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6904"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.89.015005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1483"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2015.140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.32.002309"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.029237"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-022-00795-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-022-00858-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19550-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-021-00705-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aao5520"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.16.000067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.36.002053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.026671"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2013.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.Lai L.Wang J. W.Tay andL. V.Wang \u201cNonlinear Photoacoustic Wavefront Shaping (PAWS) for Single Speckle\u2010Grain Optical Focusing In Scattering Media \u201d arXiv preprint arXiv:14020816. (2014) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nphoton.2014.322.","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2014.322"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03918"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.Lai L.Wang J. W.Tay andL. V.Wang \u201cOptical Focusing in Scattering Media With Photoacoustic Wavefront Shaping (PAWS) \u201d2014:BS3A. 57 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/BIOMED.2014.BS3A.57.","DOI":"10.1364\/BIOMED.2014.BS3A.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.4.001337"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21258-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9968"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.57.001744"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.57.006233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.001733"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2008.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.417606"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.425615"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.104.100601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51619-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42525-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2007.297"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.003444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JQE.1978.1069870"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.4.000280"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.41.001321"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2010.306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.0c01154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.562862"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.42.004994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2009.326"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/86684"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/58\/11\/R37"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.add9158"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.491462"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-04487-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.6.002237"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.25.027234"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.514256"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-021-00591-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging9020049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2024.130592"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.6.000072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.004855"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.2.000728"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.580537"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5009113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2007.106.6.1028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201202625"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-70807-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2515-7647\/ad82c1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-022-01142-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.133.146901"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Surgery and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lsm.70186","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lsm.70186","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lsm.70186","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:35:26Z","timestamp":1791484526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lsm.70186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lsm.70186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.70186","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-8092","1096-9101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-8092","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}