{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:53:54Z","timestamp":1791384834096,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62275094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62275094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2404500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2404500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019035","name":"Science and Technology Program of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022BCA049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022BCA049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YCJJ20251408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YCJJ20251408"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Femtosecond photoemulsification cataract surgery requires a higher total laser dose than conventional femtosecond laser\u2010assisted cataract surgery, raising concerns about potential retinal exposure. This study aimed to develop a method for accurately measuring time\u2010averaged fundus optical power and aperture\u2010averaged irradiance during femtosecond photoemulsification and to evaluate retinal safety under the tested conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A biomimetic cataract eye model was constructed using an artificial cornea, a hydrogen peroxide\u2010induced cataractous rabbit lens, and saline to simulate the ocular media. A femtosecond laser system was used to perform lens fragmentation at pulse energies of 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0\u2009\u03bcJ. Time\u2010averaged optical power reaching the simulated macular region was measured with a power meter and converted to aperture\u2010averaged irradiance over a 5\u2010mm receiving aperture. Post\u2010ablation bubble morphology was observed using optical microscopy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At the effective pulse energy of 7.0\u2009\u03bcJ, the maximum measured time\u2010averaged aperture\u2010averaged irradiance in the simulated macular region was 0.249\u2009\u00b1\u20090.025\u2009W\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Even at the excessive pulse energy of 8.0\u2009\u03bcJ, the time\u2010averaged aperture\u2010averaged irradiance remained below the 0.7\u2009W\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      retinal thermal limit recommended by the ICNIRP\/Sliney guideline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The measured fundus radiation power during femtosecond photoemulsification remained below the retinal safety threshold, supporting the retinal safety of this surgical mode under the tested conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.70218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:09:27Z","timestamp":1791382167000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Fundus Radiation Intensity During Femtosecond Photoemulsification Cataract Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Haijun","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3811-0503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuowei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enpei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shangbin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1622-0417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Honghao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8393-4292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingwei","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoqun","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-019-1113-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e15720"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(96)80200-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.102805"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/meajo.meajo_100_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2000.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20091117-04"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20110721-01"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1157486"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1007-7146.2025.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.44.002162"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.17.9.095001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20140321-01"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mla.2005.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA01280E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2010.0108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2025.3595256"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","volume-title":"A Novel Approach to Accommodative Human Intraocular Lenses","author":"Arbabi A. M.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.12.7672510"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110627"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1993.01090060119035","article-title":"The Lens Opacities Classification System III","volume":"111","author":"Chylack L. T.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"ANSI Z136.1\u20102022: American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers","author":"American National Standards Institute","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(96)00120-4"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"776","article-title":"Transmission of the Ocular Media","volume":"1","author":"Boettner E. A.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Surgery and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lsm.70218","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lsm.70218","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lsm.70218","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:09:29Z","timestamp":1791382169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lsm.70218"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lsm.70218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.70218","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-8092","1096-9101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-8092","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"lsm.70218"}}