{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T02:25:05Z","timestamp":1768875905720,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":3836,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n                                 <jats:bold>Prior case series have suggested that herpes zoster (HZ) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) may lead to serious complications due to visceral involvement. We sought to determine the incidence, risk factors, and long term outcomes of HZ after OLT. Clinical data from September 1993 to April 2004 were collected on all cases of HZ after OLT, and at the same post-OLT time points in age, gender, and transplant-year\u2013matched HZ-negative controls. Risk factors for HZ infection and long-term outcomes were compared between cases and controls. A total of 29 patients developed HZ at a median of 4.9 years (range .5\u201312.9) after OLT. All HZ infections except 1 were localized to a single dermatome. Only 8 (28%) were hospitalized and 16 (55%) were treated with oral antivirals alone. No patients developed visceral involvement or died of HZ infection. No risk factors for HZ infection were identified on multivariate analysis. Of the long-term outcomes, the estimated 10-year survival was lower (<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\n                                    P\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>= .05) for cases than controls. The lower survival in HZ cases was not directly attributable to HZ infection. In conclusion, this study is the largest series on HZ after OLT. HZ is neither a common nor a serious infection after OLT and can be managed with antiviral therapy with a low likelihood of visceral dissemination. (Liver Transpl 2005;11:320\u2013325.)<\/jats:bold>\n                              <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]],"date-time":"2005-02-18T01:16:46Z","timestamp":1108689406000},"page":"320-325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Herpes zoster infection after liver transplantation: A case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Josh","family":"Levitsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Kalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane L.","family":"Meza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glenn E.","family":"Hurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Freifeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R3-11-20250326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/152.6.1172","article-title":"Infection with varicellazoster virus after marrow transplantation.","volume":"152","author":"Locksley","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R4-11-20250326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.83.2.256","article-title":"Varicella in pediatric orthotopic liver transplant recipients.","volume":"83","author":"McGregor","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R5-11-20250326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199509270-00019","article-title":"Varicellazoster virus hepatitis and a suggested management plan for prevention of VZV infection in adult liver transplant recipients.","volume":"60","author":"Kusne","year":"1995","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R6-11-20250326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/156.2.273","article-title":"EpsteinBarr virus, cytomegalovirus, and other viral infections in children after liver transplantation.","volume":"156","author":"Breinig","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R7-11-20250326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.1995.tb01708.x","article-title":"Herpes zosterassociated idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in a liver transplant recipient: a case report and overview.","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"R8-11-20250326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1086\/513655","article-title":"Infectious ocular complications in orthotopic liver transplant patients.","volume":"24","author":"Papanicolaou","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R9-11-20250326","first-page":"4054","article-title":"Herpes virus infections after orthotopic liver transplantation.","volume":"19","author":"Haagsma","year":"1987","journal-title":"Transpl Proc"},{"key":"R10-11-20250326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.1.124","article-title":"Infections with cytomegalovirus and other herpesvirus in 121 liver transplant recipients: transmission by donated organ and the effect of OKT3 antibodies.","volume":"158","author":"Singh","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R11-11-20250326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-6143.2003.00287.x","article-title":"Herpes zoster infection following solid organ transplantation: incidence, risk factors, and outcomes in the current immunosuppressive era.","volume":"4","author":"Gourishankar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R12-11-20250326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20219","article-title":"Herpes zoster after liver transplantation: incidence, risk factors, and complications.","volume":"10","author":"Herrero","year":"2004","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R13-11-20250326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198209000-00003","article-title":"3rd, Kurland LT, Chu CP, Perry HO. 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