{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T19:31:08Z","timestamp":1743276668214,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":3471,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>Little is known about hearing impairment in patients after organ transplantation. We conducted a single-center study to evaluate hearing impairment in patients after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). A questionnaire was sent to 695 adult patients after OLT to assess characteristics and course of auditory impairment. Risk factors such as ototoxic drugs were taken into consideration. Clinical follow-up, including immunosuppressive therapy, was analyzed in detail. The questionnaire was completed by 521 patients (75%). Hearing impairment was reported by 184 patients (35%). A total of 43 patients (8%) suffered from hearing abnormalities prior to OLT. The remaining 141 patients (27%) developed hearing impairment after transplantation. Main problems were hearing loss (52%), tinnitus (38%), and otalgia (30%). There was no association of post-OLT hearing disorders with age or known risk factors. In 43% of patients, onset of hearing impairment was within 2 yr post-OLT. Hearing loss was positively associated with tacrolimus immunosuppression in univariate (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and multivariate analysis (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.02). Patients using a hearing aid received tacrolimus more frequently than cyclosporine (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, subjective hearing impairment is frequent in patients after OLT and contributes to post-OLT morbidity. Calcineurin inhibitor-related neurotoxicity appears as a possible mechanism. Further prospective investigations with objective hearing tests are necessary to confirm these results and to evaluate the role of immunosuppression. <jats:bold>\n                                    Liver Transpl, 2006.\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\u00a9 2006 AASLD.<\/jats:bold>\n                              <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,2]],"date-time":"2006-02-02T18:46:46Z","timestamp":1138906006000},"page":"411-415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["A new side effect of immunosuppression: High incidence of hearing impairment after liver transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kinan","family":"Rifai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele 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