{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:05:04Z","timestamp":1791194704678,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":2892,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>The cause of acute liver failure (ALF) is a major determinant of its outcome. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose is a leading cause of ALF in some developed countries, whereas in others, such as Spain, it is extremely rare. To analyze the etiology, characteristics, and outcome of ALF in Spain, we performed a retrospective analysis of 267 patients whom we observed from 1992 to 2000. Seventeen tertiary-care hospitals with active liver transplantation (LT) programs contributed data. Causes of ALF were viral hepatitis in 98 (37%; hepatitis B virus in 75 patients), unknown in 86 (32%), drug or toxic reactions in 52 (19.5%; acetaminophen overdose in 6), and miscellaneous in 31 (11.6%). Overall survival was 58%. LT was performed in 150 patients, with a survival of 69%. Despite fulfilling criteria, 51 patients were not transplanted because of contraindications; their survival was only 7.8%. Forty-seven (85.5%) of 55 patients without transplant criteria survived. Hepatitis B virus is the most common cause of ALF in Spain, although the origin of 30% of cases remains undetermined. Acetaminophen overdose represents a very rare cause of ALF. LT was performed in &gt;50% of cases. Patients without transplant criteria had a very good prognosis; those who fulfilled these criteria but who had contraindications for transplantation had a high mortality rate. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Liver Transpl, 2007.<\/jats:italic> \u00a9 2007 AASLD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,17]],"date-time":"2007-03-17T02:03:55Z","timestamp":1174097035000},"page":"1389-1395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":159,"title":["Acute Liver Failure in Spain"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"\u00c0ngels","family":"Escorsell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Mas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"de la Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-8-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007247","article-title":"Classification, etiology and considerations of outcome in acute liver failure.","volume":"16","author":"Williams","year":"1996","journal-title":"Semin Liv Dis"},{"key":"R3-8-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-42641","article-title":"Acute liver failure in the United States.","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"R4-8-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.500050102","article-title":"Etiology and outcome for 295 patients with acute liver failure in the United States.","volume":"5","author":"Schiodt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Liver Transpl Surg"},{"key":"R5-8-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00007","article-title":"Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States.","volume":"137","author":"Ostapowicz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R6-8-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20204","article-title":"Liver transplantation for acute liver failure from drug induced liver injury in the United States.","volume":"10","author":"Russo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R7-8-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-42640","article-title":"Changing patterns of causation and the use of transplantation in the United Kingdom.","volume":"23","author":"Bernal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Liv Dis"},{"key":"R9-8-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230622","article-title":"Fulminant hepatitis in a tropical population: clinical course, cause, and early predictors of outcome.","volume":"23","author":"Acharya","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R10-8-20250124","first-page":"657A","article-title":"Etiology and outcome of 83 patients with fulminant hepatitis failure in adults. Experience of an Argentinian liver transplant unit.","volume":"34","author":"Trigo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R11-8-20250124","first-page":"152","article-title":"Living donor liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure.","volume":"70","author":"Uemoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R12-8-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6809.1026","article-title":"Intravenous acetylcysteine in paracetamol induced fulminant hepatic failure: a prospective, controlled trial.","volume":"303","author":"Keays","year":"1991","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R13-8-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.24.12.1194","article-title":"Clinical and prognostic differences in fulminant hepatitis type A, B and nonA nonB.","volume":"24","author":"Gimson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R14-8-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040593","article-title":"Fulminant and subfulminant liver failure: definitions and causes.","volume":"6","author":"Bernuau","year":"1986","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"R15-8-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91818-7","article-title":"Acute liver failure: redefining the syndromes.","volume":"342","author":"OGrady","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R16-8-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)90081-4","article-title":"Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure.","volume":"97","author":"OGrady","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R17-8-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90731-Q","article-title":"Liver transplantation for acute liver failure: analysis of applicability.","volume":"105","author":"Castells","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R18-8-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040597","article-title":"Protective agents for acetaminophen overdose.","volume":"6","author":"Davis","year":"1986","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"R19-8-20250124","first-page":"221","article-title":"Insuficiencia hepatica aguda grave: analisis de 51 casos.","volume":"9","author":"Navasa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R20-8-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.05.007","article-title":"Acute liver failure: avoidance of deleterious cofactors and early specific medical therapy for the liver are better than late intensive care for the brain.","volume":"41","author":"Bernuau","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Liver Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flt.21119","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01445473-200710000-00008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T16:28:18Z","timestamp":1737736098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01445473-200710000-00008"}},"subtitle":["Analysis of 267 Cases"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lt.21119","relation":{},"ISSN":["1527-6465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1527-6465","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}}}