{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:45:17Z","timestamp":1791297917814,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":2528,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver Transpl"],"DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,6]],"date-time":"2010-07-06T14:03:50Z","timestamp":1278425030000},"page":"S67-S79","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":163,"special_numbering":"supplement S2","title":["Etiology and prognosis of fulminant hepatitis in adults"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Philippe","family":"Ichai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB1|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91736-6","article-title":"Acute liver failure: redefining the syndromes","volume":"342","author":"O'Grady","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB2|cit2","first-page":"282","volume-title":"Progress in Liver Diseases: The Management of Fulminant Hepatic Failure","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB3|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040593","article-title":"Fulminant and subfulminant liver failure: definitions and causes","volume":"6","author":"Bernuau","year":"1986","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB4|cit4","first-page":"371A","article-title":"Improvement of survival in fulminant hepatitis in the recent years","volume":"44","author":"Ichai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB5|cit5","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.ELTR.org 2008"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB6|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21486","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of lamivudine to treat acute hepatitis B","volume":"45","author":"Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB7|cit7","first-page":"370A","article-title":"Etiology, outcome and early causes of death in 500 patients with acute liver failure: 20 year single center experience","author":"Faria","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB8|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21439","article-title":"Fulminant hepatitis A virus infection in the United States: incidence, prognosis, and outcomes","volume":"44","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB9|cit9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surveillance for acute viral hepatitis-United States, 2006","volume":"57","author":"Wasley","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB10|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50366","article-title":"Viral and clinical factors associated with the fulminant course of hepatitis A infection","volume":"38","author":"Rezende","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB11|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840200704","article-title":"Indications for orthotopic liver transplantation in fulminant liver failure","volume":"20","author":"Williams","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB12|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22177","article-title":"Acute liver failure: summary of a workshop","volume":"47","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB13|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3281ac20da","article-title":"Fulminant hepatic failure: a Portuguese experience","volume":"19","author":"Areia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB14|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21119","article-title":"Acute liver failure in Spain: analysis of 267 cases","volume":"13","author":"Escorsell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB15|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20948","article-title":"Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: results of a United States multicenter, prospective study","volume":"42","author":"Larson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB16|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00007","article-title":"Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States","volume":"137","author":"Ostapowicz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB17|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2004.03273.x","article-title":"Etiology and outcome of fulminant hepatic failure managed at an Australian liver transplant unit","volume":"19","author":"Gow","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB18|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2002.35556","article-title":"Fulminant hepatic failure: outcome after listing for highly urgent liver transplantation-12 years experience in the Nordic countries","volume":"8","author":"Brandsaeter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB19|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.04874.x","article-title":"Prognostic factors for fatal outcomes prior to receiving liver transplantation in patients with non-acetaminophen-related fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"22","author":"Miyake","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB20|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200502000-00006","article-title":"Non-paracetamol drug-induced fulminant hepatic failure among adults in Scotland","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB21|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.3.454","article-title":"Acute liver damage and ecstasy ingestion","volume":"38","author":"Ellis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB22|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20289","article-title":"Outcomes following liver transplantation for seronegative acute liver failure: experience during a 12-year period with more than 100 patients","volume":"11","author":"Wigg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB23|cit23","first-page":"1406","article-title":"Herpes simplex hepatitis in a patient with psoriatic arthritis taking prednisone and methotrexate. Report and review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Aboguddah","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB24|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20545","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus-associated acute liver failure: a difficult diagnosis with a poor prognosis","volume":"11","author":"Ichai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB25|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21514","article-title":"Chickenpox-associated fulminant hepatitis leading to liver transplantation in a 63-year-old woman","author":"Roque-Afonso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB26|cit26","first-page":"145","article-title":"A review of the literature on the epidemiology of infectious hepatitis","volume":"45","author":"Viswanathan","year":"1957","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB27|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.1997.00145.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection","volume":"4","author":"Balayan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB28|cit28","first-page":"197","article-title":"Epidemiological investigations of an outbreak of infectious hepatitis in Ahmedabad city during 1975-76","volume":"67","author":"Sreenivasan","year":"1978","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB29|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14025-1","article-title":"Zoonotic transmission of hepatitis E virus from deer to human beings","volume":"362","author":"Tei","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB30|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2006.00800.x","article-title":"Autochthonous hepatitis E in southwest England","volume":"14","author":"Dalton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB31|cit31","first-page":"521","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus infection: epidemiology and prevention","volume":"25","author":"Castera","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB32|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706992","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus and chronic hepatitis in organ-transplant recipients","volume":"358","author":"Kamar","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB33|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80297-9","article-title":"International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"31","author":"Alvarez","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB34|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra050408","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"354","author":"Krawitt","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB35|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199201000-00028","article-title":"Rapidly progressive respiratory failure due to Aspergillus pneumonia: a complication of short-term corticosteroid therapy","volume":"20","author":"Crean","year":"1992","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB36|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21036","article-title":"Usefulness of corticosteroids for the treatment of severe and fulminant forms of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"13","author":"Ichai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB37|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50252","article-title":"A practice guideline on Wilson disease","volume":"37","author":"Roberts","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB38|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20285","article-title":"Liver transplantation for HELLP syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Shames","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB39|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480707301020","article-title":"Liver transplantation for HELLP syndrome","volume":"73","author":"Zarrinpar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB40|cit40","first-page":"264","article-title":"Labor complications of the HELLP syndrome without any predictive factors","volume":"23","author":"Debette","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB41|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000101573.54295.bd","article-title":"Hypoxic hepatitis: clinical and hemodynamic study in 142 consecutive cases","volume":"82","author":"Henrion","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB42|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200104000-00007","article-title":"Budd-Chiari syndrome: current management options","volume":"233","author":"Slakey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB43|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.1994.tb00252.x","article-title":"Liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure in the United States: October 1987 through December 1991","volume":"8","author":"Detre","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB44|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21050","article-title":"Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure: an assessment of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) and King's College Hospital criteria","volume":"13","author":"Dhiman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB45|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)90081-4","article-title":"Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"97","author":"O'Grady","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB46|cit46","first-page":"163","article-title":"Acute liver failure: clinical features, outcome analysis, and applicability of prognostic criteria","volume":"6","author":"Shakil","year":"2000","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB47|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840060417","article-title":"Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in fulminant hepatitis B","volume":"6","author":"Bernuau","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB48|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07743-7","article-title":"Blood lactate as an early predictor of outcome in paracetamol-induced acute liver failure: a cohort study","volume":"359","author":"Bernal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB49|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2003.50053","article-title":"Serum phosphorus levels predict clinical outcome in fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"9","author":"Chung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB50|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000063219.21313.32","article-title":"Phosphorus as an early predictive factor in patients with acute liver failure","volume":"75","author":"Baquerizo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB51|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20511","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein is a predictor of outcome in acetaminophen-induced liver injury","volume":"41","author":"Schmidt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB52|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.10.013","article-title":"Amanita phalloides poisoning: reassessment of prognostic factors and indications for emergency liver transplantation","volume":"46","author":"Escudie","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB53|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.10.023","article-title":"Indication of liver transplantation following amatoxin intoxication","volume":"42","author":"Ganzert","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"suppl 11","key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB54|cit54","first-page":"278","article-title":"Fulminant autoimmune hepatitis: clinical presentation, outcome and prognosis factors","volume":"5","author":"Villamil","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB55|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.1996.v23.pm0008666322","article-title":"Admission levels of serum Gc-globulin: predictive value in fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"23","author":"Schiodt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB56|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.05.014","article-title":"Soluble CD163 from activated macrophages predicts mortality in acute liver failure","volume":"47","author":"Moller","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB57|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22237","article-title":"Caspase activation is associated with spontaneous recovery from acute liver failure","volume":"47","author":"Volkmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB58|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000188149.90975.63","article-title":"Risk stratification of adult patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"81","author":"Barshes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB59|cit59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21104","article-title":"MELD is superior to King's college and Clichy's criteria to assess prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"13","author":"Yantorno","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB60|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198108000-00008","article-title":"APACHE-acute physiology and chronic health evaluation: a physiologically based classification system","volume":"9","author":"Knaus","year":"1981","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB61|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200301000-00048","article-title":"Fulminant hepatic failure secondary to acetaminophen poisoning: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic criteria determining the need for liver transplantation","volume":"31","author":"Bailey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB62|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SLA.0000064365.54197.9E","article-title":"Liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure: experience with more than 200 patients over a 17-year period","volume":"237","author":"Farmer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB63|cit63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3266","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9730-z","article-title":"Fulminant hepatic failure in an African setting: etiology, clinical course, and predictors of mortality","volume":"52","author":"Mudawi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB64|cit64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199508000-00002","article-title":"Orthotopic liver transplantation in fulminant and subfulminant hepatitis. The Paul Brousse experience","volume":"222","author":"Bismuth","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB65|cit65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.35069","article-title":"Serum phosphate is an early predictor of outcome in severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity","volume":"36","author":"Schmidt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB66|cit66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21240","article-title":"Reduced monocyte HLA-DR expression: a novel biomarker of disease severity and outcome in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure","volume":"44","author":"Antoniades","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/lt.21612-BIB67|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21186","article-title":"Caspase activation is required for antiviral treatment response in chronic hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"43","author":"Volkmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["Liver Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flt.21612","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T17:20:15Z","timestamp":1740244815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lt.21612"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,29]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lt.21612","relation":{},"ISSN":["1527-6465","1527-6473"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1527-6465","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-6473","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,29]]}}}