{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T12:52:53Z","timestamp":1760014373618,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":2283,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                           <jats:bold>Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                        <\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>Liver transplant recipients are known to be at increased risk for the development of de novo neoplasms or the recurrence of preexisting malignancies, and this is possibly related to the use of immunosuppressive medication. Little is known about the effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy on graft function after transplantation. A retrospective chart and pathology database review was undertaken to identify post\u2013liver transplant patients developing rejection during chemotherapy. All liver biopsies were reviewed by a hepatopathologist. Three patients were identified. All patients were diagnosed with cancer within 7 years of liver transplantation; two-thirds died soon after the diagnosis of malignancy. Rejection occurred soon after chemotherapy was started. All patients were receiving prednisone and tacrolimus (trough levels: 2.1-4.8 ng\/mL). One patient developed plasma cell hepatitis (de novo autoimmune hepatitis). There was no histologic evidence of hepatotoxicity due to the chemotherapeutic agents. Cytotoxic chemotherapy should be used in liver transplant recipients with caution, and immunosuppressant doses should be maintained at therapeutic levels, as patients may be at risk for allograft rejection. Treatment of rejection or plasma cell hepatitis in this setting should be undertaken in a timely and aggressive fashion to prevent chronic ductopenic rejection. Liver Transpl 15:634\u2013639, 2009. \u00a9 2009 AASLD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,28]],"date-time":"2009-05-28T20:04:09Z","timestamp":1243541049000},"page":"634-639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Graft Rejection Occurring in Post\u2013Liver Transplant Patients Receiving Cytotoxic Chemotherapy: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hui-Hui","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel M.","family":"Fiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"del Rio Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Schiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-11-20250330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2002.32977","article-title":"Evidence of differential risk for posttransplantation malignancy based on pretransplantation cause in patients undergoing liver transplantation.","volume":"8","author":"Saigal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R2-11-20250330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20319","article-title":"De novo neoplasia after liver transplantation: an analysis of risk factors and influence on survival.","volume":"11","author":"Herrero","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R3-11-20250330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000173775.16579.18","article-title":"Incidence of cancers following orthotopic liver transplantation in a single center: comparison with national cancer incidence rates for England and Wales.","volume":"80","author":"Oo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R4-11-20250330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2002.33217","article-title":"Posttransplantation malignancies: a problem, a challenge, and an opportunity.","volume":"8","author":"Kauffman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R5-11-20250330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.1.184","article-title":"A model for CD8 CTL tumor immunosurveillance and regulation of tumor escape by CD4 T cells through an effect on quality of CTL.","volume":"163","author":"Matsui","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R6-11-20250330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1936","article-title":"Cancer despite immunosurveillance: immunoselection and immunosubversion.","volume":"6","author":"Zitvogel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"R7-11-20250330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(86)90510-3","article-title":"Infection in cancer patients. 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