{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:00:20Z","timestamp":1792839620678,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":1187,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a controversial indication for liver transplantation (LT) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2013infected patients because of reportedly poor outcomes. This prospective, multicenter US cohort study compared patient and graft survival for 89 HCV\/HIV-coinfected patients and 2 control groups: 235 HCV-monoinfected LT controls and all US transplant recipients who were 65 years old or older. The 3-year patient and graft survival rates were 60% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 47%-71%] and 53% (95% CI = 40%-64%) for the HCV\/HIV patients and 79% (95% CI = 72%-84%) and 74% (95% CI = 66%-79%) for the HCV-infected recipients (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001 for both), and HIV infection was the only factor significantly associated with reduced patient and graft survival. Among the HCV\/HIV patients, older donor age [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.3 per decade], combined kidney-liver transplantation (HR = 3.8), an anti-HCV\u2013positive donor (HR = 2.5), and a body mass index &lt; 21 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (HR = 3.2) were independent predictors of graft loss. For the patients without the last 3 factors, the patient and graft survival rates were similar to those for US LT recipients. The 3-year incidence of treated acute rejection was 1.6-fold higher for the HCV\/HIV patients versus the HCV patients (39% versus 24%, log rank <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02), but the cumulative rates of severe HCV disease at 3 years were not significantly different (29% versus 23%, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.21). In conclusion, patient and graft survival rates are lower for HCV\/HIV-coinfected LT patients versus HCV-monoinfected LT patients. Importantly, the rates of treated acute rejection (but not the rates of HCV disease severity) are significantly higher for HCV\/HIV-coinfected recipients versus HCV-infected recipients. Our results indicate that HCV per se is not a contraindication to LT in HIV patients, but recipient and donor selection and the management of acute rejection strongly influence outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]],"date-time":"2012-02-13T05:07:36Z","timestamp":1329109656000},"page":"716-726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":188,"title":["Outcomes of liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Norah A.","family":"Terrault","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle E.","family":"Roland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Schiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorna","family":"Dove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Poordad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret V.","family":"Ragni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burc","family":"Barin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim M.","family":"Olthoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynt","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Stosor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dushyantha","family":"Jayaweera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth E.","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aruna","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Millis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Slakey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl L.","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Ferrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald M.","family":"Stablein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonah","family":"Odim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Stock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12541258","DOI":"10.1086\/314720","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus is related to progressive liver disease in human immunodeficiency viruspositive hemophiliacs and should be treated as an opportunistic infection.","volume":"179","author":"Lesens","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R2-12-20250124","first-page":"16321641","article-title":"Liverrelated deaths in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: the D:A:D study.","volume":"166","author":"Weber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R3-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.02061.x","article-title":"HIVinfected liver and kidney transplant recipients: 1 and 3year outcomes.","volume":"8","author":"Roland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R4-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29832993","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01546.x","article-title":"Survival of liver transplant patients coinfected with HIV and HCV is adversely impacted by recurrent hepatitis C.","volume":"6","author":"de Vera","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R6-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359368","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181605fda","article-title":"Impact of human immunodeficiency virus on survival after liver transplantation: analysis of United Network for Organ Sharing database.","volume":"85","author":"Mindikoglu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R7-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19361938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2007.05.076","article-title":"Liver transplantation in HIVpositive patients.","volume":"39","author":"Vennarecci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"R8-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283287","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.26517","article-title":"Factors affecting liver fibrosis in human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C viruscoinfected patients: impact of protease inhibitor therapy.","volume":"34","author":"Benhamou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R9-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12471255","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.33151","article-title":"Severity and correlates of liver disease in hepatitis C virusinfected injection drug users.","volume":"35","author":"Rai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R10-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19791991","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32830e6d51","article-title":"Natural history of hepatitis C virus infection in HIVinfected individuals and the impact of HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: a metaanalysis.","volume":"22","author":"Thein","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R12-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301309","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0b013e3283398237","article-title":"Management of posttransplant hepatitis C infection.","volume":"15","author":"Aytaman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Organ Transplant"},{"key":"R13-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14091417","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199512000-00007","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis. An update on terminology and reporting.","volume":"19","author":"Batts","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"R14-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966971","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000142674.78268.01","article-title":"Use of alemtuzumab and tacrolimus monotherapy for cadaveric liver transplantation: with particular reference to hepatitis C virus.","volume":"78","author":"Marcos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R15-12-20250124","first-page":"14531457","article-title":"Use of OKT3 is associated with early and severe recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation.","volume":"92","author":"Rosen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R16-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28162820","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.02007.x","article-title":"Immunosuppressant pharmacokinetics and dosing modifications in HIV1 infected liver and kidney transplant recipients.","volume":"7","author":"Frassetto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R17-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304310","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.500040401","article-title":"Cholestatic hepatitis C in liver allografts.","volume":"4","author":"Taga","year":"1998","journal-title":"Liver Transpl Surg"},{"key":"R18-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738746","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21707","article-title":"Worse recent efficacy of antiviral therapy in liver transplant recipients with recurrent hepatitis C: impact of donor age and baseline cirrhosis.","volume":"15","author":"Berenguer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R19-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00741.x","article-title":"Differential effects of donor age in liver transplant recipients infected with hepatitis B, hepatitis C and without viral hepatitis.","volume":"5","author":"Lake","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"pt 2","key":"R20-12-20250124","first-page":"10031019","article-title":"Liver transplantation in the United States, 19992008.","volume":"10","author":"Thuluvath","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R21-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10381044","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2010.01092.x","article-title":"Liver allografts from hepatitis C positive donors can offer good outcomes in hepatitis C positive recipients: a US National Transplant Registry analysis.","volume":"23","author":"Northup","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"R22-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250256","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290122","article-title":"High incidence of allograft cirrhosis in hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection following transplantation: relationship with rejection episodes.","volume":"29","author":"Prieto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R23-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841845","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2002.34880","article-title":"The interaction between antiretroviral agents and tacrolimus in liver and kidney transplant patients.","volume":"8","author":"Jain","year":"2002","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R24-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20042014","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1001197","article-title":"Outcomes of kidney transplantation in HIVinfected recipients.","volume":"363","author":"Stock","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R25-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8792","DOI":"10.1038\/nm965","article-title":"Homeostatic proliferation is a barrier to transplantation tolerance.","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"R26-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2006.00394.x","article-title":"Memory of mice and men: CD8 Tcell crossreactivity and heterologous immunity.","volume":"211","author":"Selin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"R27-12-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239244","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00191-0","article-title":"Impact of liver biopsy size on histological evaluation of chronic viral hepatitis: the smaller the sample, the milder the disease.","volume":"39","author":"Colloredo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Liver Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flt.23411","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01445473-201206000-00012","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T17:12:12Z","timestamp":1737738732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01445473-201206000-00012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lt.23411","relation":{},"ISSN":["1527-6465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1527-6465","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}}}