{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T18:00:51Z","timestamp":1785520851827,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":1095,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>The prevalence and clinical characteristics of bacterial pneumonia after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) have not yet been elucidated. We performed a retrospective analysis of 346 LDLT recipients. Fifty patients (14.5%) experienced bacterial pneumonia after LDLT, and they had a higher short-term mortality rate (42.0%) than patients with other types of bacterial infections after LDLT. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 84.0% of the causative pathogens. A multivariate analysis showed that preoperative diabetes (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), United Network for Organ Sharing status 1 or 2A (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), and an operative blood loss &gt; 10 L (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03) were significant risk factors for bacterial pneumonia after LDLT. Post-LDLT pneumonia was associated with the following post-LDLT events: the prolonged use of mechanical ventilation (\u22653 days), a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit (\u22657 days), the creation of a tracheostomy, primary graft dysfunction, the use of mycophenolate mofetil, and the need for renal replacement therapy. Among patients with bacterial pneumonia, the mortality rate was higher for patients with delayed-onset pneumonia, which occurred at least 10 days after transplantation (n = 15), and it was significantly associated with graft dysfunction. A combination of broad-spectrum antibiotics and aminoglycosides provided cover for most gram-negative bacteria except <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Stenotrophomonas maltophilia<\/jats:italic>, which was associated with a longer period of mechanical ventilation and was resistant to commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotics. Delayed-onset bacterial pneumonia is a serious type of bacterial infection after LDLT and is frequently associated with graft dysfunction. The multidrug resistance of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic> is an issue that needs to be addressed. Liver Transpl, 2012. \u00a9 2012 AASLD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,4]],"date-time":"2012-06-04T20:46:23Z","timestamp":1338842783000},"page":"1060-1068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Etiologies, risk factors, and outcomes of bacterial pneumonia after living donor liver transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Toru","family":"Ikegami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Shirabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rumi","family":"Matono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoharu","family":"Yoshizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Soejima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroto","family":"Kayashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazutoyo","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Maehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887892","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199905000-00020","article-title":"Nosocomial infections in medical intensive care units in the United States. 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