{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:29:11Z","timestamp":1791325751968,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]],"date-time":"2013-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Science Award program of the National Center for Research Resources","award":["1UL1RR031973"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UL1RR031973"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Deficiencies in vitamins A, D, and E have been linked to night blindness, bone health, and post\u2013liver transplant reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictive factors of fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies in liver transplant candidates. We reviewed the medical records of liver transplant candidates at our center from January 2008 to September 2011. The etiology of cirrhosis, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, Child-Pugh class, body mass index (BMI), and vitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin 25-OH-D levels were recorded. Patients were excluded for incomplete laboratory data, short gut syndrome, celiac disease, pancreatic insufficiency, or prior liver transplantation. Sixty-three patients were included. The most common etiologies of liver disease were alcohol (n = 23), hepatitis C virus (n = 19), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (n = 5). Vitamin A and D deficiencies were noted in 69.8% and 81.0%, respectively. Only 3.2% of the patients were vitamin E\u2013deficient. There were no documented cases of night blindness. Twenty-five of the 55 patients with bone density measurements had osteopenia, and 10 had osteoporosis. Four patients had vertebral fractures. There was 1 case of posttransplant reperfusion injury in a patient with vitamin E deficiency. In a multivariate analysis, there were no statistically significant predictors for vitamin D deficiency. The Child-Pugh class [odds ratio (OR) = 6.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.52-30.86,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01], elevated total bilirubin level (OR = 44.23, 95% CI = 5.02-389.41,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and elevated BMI (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.00-1.36,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.045) were found to be predictors of vitamin A deficiency. In conclusion, the majority of liver disease patients evaluated for liver transplantation at our center had vitamin A and D deficiencies. The presence or absence of cholestatic liver disease did not predict deficiencies, whereas Child-Pugh class, bilirubin level, and elevated BMI predicted vitamin A deficiency.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Liver Transpl 19:627\u2013633, 2013<\/jats:italic>\n                      . \u00a9 2013 AASLD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,14]],"date-time":"2013-03-14T18:13:54Z","timestamp":1363284834000},"page":"627-633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["High prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and vitamin D deficiency in patients evaluated for liver transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mukund","family":"Venu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kia","family":"Saeian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samer","family":"Gawrieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14641472","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520600825117","article-title":"Gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with liver cirrhosis: associations with nutritional status and healthrelated quality of life.","volume":"41","author":"Kalaitzakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R2-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.03.010","article-title":"Nutritional state and energy balance in cirrhotic patients with or without hypermetabolism. Multicentre prospective study by the Nutritional Problems in Gastroenterology section of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology (SIGE).","volume":"37","author":"Guglielmi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"R3-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.02.001","article-title":"Nutrition in end stage liver disease.","volume":"20","author":"Kondrup","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R4-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527533","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05369.x","article-title":"Malnutrition in end stage liver disease: recommendations and nutritional support.","volume":"23","author":"Tsiaousi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R5-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2010.03.015","article-title":"Bile salts and cholestasis.","volume":"42","author":"Maillette de Buy Wenniger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"R6-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348351","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840010412","article-title":"Vitamin A and zinc therapy in primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"1","author":"Herlong","year":"1981","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R7-9-20250124","first-page":"544548","article-title":"Dark adaptation in vitamin Adeficient adults awaiting liver transplantation: improvement with intramuscular vitamin A treatment.","volume":"95","author":"AbbottJohnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922925","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i7.922","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in cirrhosis relates to liver dysfunction rather than aetiology.","volume":"17","author":"Malham","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R9-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.10.015","article-title":"Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone in outpatients with noncholestatic chronic liver disease.","volume":"5","author":"Fisher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R10-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26242628","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-1069-9","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in chronic liver disease.","volume":"55","author":"Arteh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"R11-9-20250124","first-page":"14021410","article-title":"Relationships between blood levels of fat soluble vitamins and disease etiology and severity in adults awaiting liver transplantation.","volume":"26","author":"AbbottJohnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R12-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469472","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199402150-00030","article-title":"Degree of preoperative malnutrition is predictive of postoperative morbidity and mortality in liver transplant recipients.","volume":"57","author":"Pikul","year":"1994","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R13-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.1997.tb00931.x","article-title":"A prospective study on the effect of recipient nutritional status on outcome in liver transplantation.","volume":"10","author":"Harrison","year":"1997","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"R14-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602609","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/63.4.602","article-title":"Malnutrition in alcoholic and virusrelated cirrhosis.","volume":"63","author":"Caregaro","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R15-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445450","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(01)00521-4","article-title":"Nutrition and survival in patients with liver cirrhosis.","volume":"17","author":"Alberino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"R16-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10411046","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230516","article-title":"Does malnutrition affect survival in cirrhosis? PINC (Policentrica Italiana Nutrizione Cirrosi).","volume":"23","author":"Merli","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R17-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652657","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250327","article-title":"Identification of high and lowrisk patients before liver transplantation: a prospective cohort study of nutritional and metabolic parameters in 150 patients.","volume":"25","author":"Selberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R18-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13471352","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200011150-00014","article-title":"Impact of nutritional status on outcomes after liver transplantation.","volume":"70","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R19-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321330","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2003.50044","article-title":"Osteoporosis after liver transplantation.","volume":"9","author":"Compston","year":"2003","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R20-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-1440-1-7","article-title":"Treatment of bone loss in patients with chronic liver disease awaiting liver transplantation.","volume":"1","author":"Kaemmerer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transplant Res"},{"key":"R21-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354359","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840190213","article-title":"Reperfusion injury, antioxidants and hemodynamics during orthotopic liver transplantation.","volume":"19","author":"Goode","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R22-9-20250124","first-page":"626632","article-title":"Demographic differences and trends of vitamin D insufficiency in the US population, 19882004.","volume":"169","author":"Ginde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R23-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(99)90015-X","article-title":"Vitamin E status in patients with liver cirrhosis: normal or deficient?","volume":"48","author":"Look","year":"1999","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"R24-9-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392397","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260220","article-title":"Assessment of hepatic vitamin E status in adult patients with liver disease.","volume":"26","author":"Nagita","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["Liver Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flt.23646","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flt.23646","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01445473-201306000-00009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T12:25:06Z","timestamp":1737721506000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01445473-201306000-00009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lt.23646","relation":{},"ISSN":["1527-6465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1527-6465","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}}}