{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T09:07:52Z","timestamp":1791968872099,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,12]],"date-time":"2013-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>An optimal vitamin D status may benefit liver transplantation (LT) patients. Higher levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] mitigate steroid-induced bone loss after LT, correlate with better hepatitis C virus treatment responses, and increase graft survival. This study investigated 25(OH)D levels and assessed strategies for vitamin D deficiency prevention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2013positive patients with advanced liver disease who were enrolled in the Solid Organ Transplantation in HIV: Multi-Site Study. 25(OH)D was measured in banked specimens from 154 LT candidates\/recipients with the DiaSorin assay; deficiency was defined as a 25(OH)D level &lt; 20 ng\/mL. Information about vitamin D supplement use after LT was obtained from medication logs and via surveys. Logistic regression, Cox regression, and linear repeated measures analyses were performed with SAS software. We found that none of the 17 academic medical centers in the United States routinely recommended vitamin D supplements before LT, and only a minority (4\/17) recommended vitamin D supplements to all patients after LT. Seventy-one percent of the 139 patients with pre-LT values had vitamin D deficiency, which was significantly associated with cirrhosis (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) but no other variable. The vitamin D status improved modestly after LT; however, the status was deficient for 40% of the patients 1 year after LT. In a multivariate linear repeated measures model, a higher pre-LT 25(OH)D level (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), specimen collection in the summer (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), a routine vitamin D supplementation strategy after LT (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and the time elapsing since LT (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) were significantly associated with increases in the post-LT 25(OH)D level; black race was associated with a decreased level (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02). In conclusion, the majority of patients awaiting LT were vitamin D deficient, and approximately half were vitamin D deficient after LT. More extensive use of vitamin D supplements, more sun exposure, or both are needed to prevent this deficiency in HIV-positive LT candidates and recipients. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Liver Transpl 20:156-164, 2014<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2013 AASLD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,29]],"date-time":"2013-10-29T10:27:01Z","timestamp":1383042421000},"page":"156-164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Vitamin D Status of Human Immunodeficiency Virus\u2013Positive Patients With Advanced Liver Disease Enrolled in the Solid Organ Transplantation in HIV: Multi-Site Study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Andrea D.","family":"Branch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burc","family":"Barin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeeb","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Stock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Schiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-012-0098-z","article-title":"Vitamin D and bone.","volume":"10","author":"Bikle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"R2-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.07.026","article-title":"Vitamin D for your patients with chronic hepatitis C?","volume":"58","author":"Rahman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R3-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828831","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199810150-00003","article-title":"1,25Dihydroxyvitamin D3 prolongs graft survival without compromising host resistance to infection or bone mineral density.","volume":"66","author":"Cantorna","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R4-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2011.01.083","article-title":"Influence of 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human leukocyte antigenDR expression, macrophage infiltration, and graft survival in renal allografts.","volume":"43","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transplant 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Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R8-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823831","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2100","article-title":"Vitamin D levels and IL28B polymorphisms are related to rapid virological response to standard of care in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C.","volume":"17","author":"Petta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"R9-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11181126","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24201","article-title":"Complementary role of vitamin D deficiency and the interleukin28B rs12979860 CT polymorphism in predicting antiviral response in chronic hepatitis C.","volume":"53","author":"Bitetto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R10-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.08.036","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and a CYP27B11260 promoter polymorphism are associated with chronic hepatitis C and poor response to interferonalfa based therapy.","volume":"54","author":"Lange","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R11-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16411650","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25848","article-title":"Vitamin D binding protein gene polymorphisms and baseline vitamin D levels as predictors of antiviral response in chronic hepatitis C.","volume":"56","author":"Falleti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R12-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11581167","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23489","article-title":"Low vitamin D serum level is related to severe fibrosis and low responsiveness to interferonbased therapy in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C.","volume":"51","author":"Petta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R13-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10251031","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.039974","article-title":"Vitamin D and the racial difference in the genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C treatment response.","volume":"96","author":"Weintraub","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R14-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227232","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835aa161","article-title":"; for Vienna HIV Liver Study Group. Low vitamin D levels are associated with impaired virologic response to PEGIFN RBV therapy in HIVhepatitis C virus coinfected patients.","volume":"27","author":"Mandorfer","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R15-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.01.041","article-title":"Low 25OH vitamin D serum levels correlate with severe fibrosis in HIVHCV coinfected patients with chronic hepatitis.","volume":"55","author":"Terrier","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R16-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541547","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2018","article-title":"; for Swiss Hepatitis C Cohort Study Group. The vitamin D receptor gene bAt (CCA) haplotype impairs the response to pegylatedinterferonribavirinbased therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients.","volume":"17","author":"Baur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"R17-5-20250124","first-page":"51845190","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation improves sustained virologic response in chronic hepatitis C (genotype 1)naive patients.","volume":"17","author":"AbuMouch","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R18-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800805","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i8.800","article-title":"Vitamin D improves viral response in hepatitis C genotype 23 naive patients.","volume":"18","author":"Nimer","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R19-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4350","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2010.01141.x","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation improves response to antiviral treatment for recurrent hepatitis C.","volume":"24","author":"Bitetto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"R20-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627633","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23646","article-title":"High prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and vitamin D deficiency in patients evaluated for liver transplantation.","volume":"19","author":"Venu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R21-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19111930","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","article-title":"; for Endocrine Society. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline.","volume":"96","author":"Holick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R22-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11981207","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21805","article-title":"Fractures and avascular necrosis before and after orthotopic liver transplantation: longterm followup and predictive factors.","volume":"46","author":"Guichelaar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R23-5-20250124","first-page":"3336","article-title":"Bone disease in HIV infection.","volume":"8","author":"Saccomanno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab"},{"key":"R24-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937946","DOI":"10.1086\/656412","article-title":"Bone disease in HIV infection: a practical review and recommendations for HIV care providers.","volume":"51","author":"McComsey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R25-5-20250124","first-page":"716726","article-title":"; for Solid Organ Transplantation in HIV: MultiSite Study Investigators. Outcomes of liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection.","volume":"18","author":"Terrault","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R27-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13901402","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20874","article-title":"Bone mineral density before and after OLT: longterm followup and predictive factors.","volume":"12","author":"Guichelaar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"issue":"suppl 5","key":"R28-5-20250124","first-page":"97101","article-title":"The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among US adults: data from the NHANES III.","volume":"15","author":"Zadshir","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"R29-5-20250124","first-page":"11351141","article-title":"Vitamin D status in adolescents and young adults with HIV infection.","volume":"83","author":"Stephensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R30-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396405","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq158","article-title":"; for Study to Understand the Natural History of HIV and AIDS in the Era of Effective Therapy (SUN) Investigators. Low vitamin D among HIVinfected adults: prevalence of and risk factors for low vitamin D levels in a cohort of HIVinfected adults and comparison to prevalence among adults in the US general population.","volume":"52","author":"Dao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R31-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186193","DOI":"10.2174\/157016211795945269","article-title":"Liverrelated factors associated with low vitamin D levels in HIV and HIVHCV coinfected patients and comparison to general population.","volume":"9","author":"Milazzo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr HIV Res"},{"key":"R32-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19231928","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833c3281","article-title":"Efavirenz is associated with severe vitamin D deficiency and increased alkaline phosphatase.","volume":"24","author":"Welz","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R33-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11271134","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328337b161","article-title":"; for Swiss HIV Cohort Study. High prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency in combined antiretroviral therapynaive and successfully treated Swiss HIV patients.","volume":"24","author":"Mueller","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R34-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-7-40","article-title":"Decrease of vitamin D concentration in patients with HIV infection on a non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorcontaining regimen.","volume":"7","author":"ConesaBotella","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"R35-5-20250124","first-page":"13751382","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency among HIV type 1infected individuals in the Netherlands: effects of antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"24","author":"Van Den BoutVan Den Beukel","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"R36-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197204","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31821ae418","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in HIVinfected and HIVuninfected women in the United States.","volume":"57","author":"Adeyemi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"R37-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22222230","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks176","article-title":"High frequency of vitamin D deficiency in HIVinfected patients: effects of HIVrelated factors and antiretroviral drugs.","volume":"67","author":"Allavena","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"R38-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876878","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32834544af","article-title":"Is lower serum 25hydroxy vitamin D associated with efavirenz or the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor class?","volume":"25","author":"Fux","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R39-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513520","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200303070-00006","article-title":"HIVprotease inhibitors impair vitamin D bioactivation to 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D.","volume":"17","author":"Cozzolino","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R40-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855859","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2009.0308","article-title":"Short communication: inadequate vitamin D exacerbates parathyroid hormone elevations in tenofovir users.","volume":"26","author":"Childs","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"R41-5-20250124","first-page":"484A485A","article-title":"An evidencebased algorithm for correcting vitamin D deficiency in patients with advanced liver disease awaiting transplantation abstract.","volume":"56","author":"Pappas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["Liver Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flt.23784","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flt.23784","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01445473-201402000-00005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T17:30:20Z","timestamp":1737739820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01445473-201402000-00005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lt.23784","relation":{},"ISSN":["1527-6465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1527-6465","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}}}