{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T07:16:52Z","timestamp":1773731812911,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,3]],"date-time":"2014-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pathogen recognition receptors that orchestrate the innate immune response and the subsequent adaptive immune response. TLRs can be triggered by exogenous ligands expressed by invading pathogens or by the release of endogenous ligands, such as that occurring through cellular injury during the transplantation process. They are now recognized to play an important role in many facets of transplantation biology, including rejection and tolerance, ischemia\/reperfusion injury (IRI), and infections after transplantation. The role of TLRs in liver transplantation is unique with respect to other organ transplants because the portal circulation is a continuous source of TLR2 and TLR4 ligands, and this influences TLR signaling pathways, which have a central role in transplantation immunity. This review provides a critical update on recent data outlining the important role of TLRs in liver transplantation, and there is a particular focus on emerging advances in our understanding of rejection and tolerance, IRI, and infections after transplantation and on the ways in which these events may influence the recurrence of diseases such as hepatitis C infection after liver transplantation. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Liver Transpl 20:270-280, 2014<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2013 AASLD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]],"date-time":"2013-11-15T08:01:23Z","timestamp":1384502483000},"page":"270-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Role of toll-like receptors in liver transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Howell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Gow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Angus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kumar","family":"Visvanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18861900","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.01.038","article-title":"Tolllike receptor signaling in the liver.","volume":"130","author":"Schwabe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R2-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31817c11e6","article-title":"The multiple facets of tolllike receptors in transplantation biology.","volume":"86","author":"Alegre","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R3-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.03.525","article-title":"Immune responses during acute and chronic infection with hepatitis C virus.","volume":"128","author":"Ishii","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R4-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(02)00343-6","article-title":"Control of adaptive immune responses by tolllike receptors.","volume":"14","author":"Barton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"R5-5-20250124","first-page":"1758","article-title":"Dendritic cells: translating innate to adaptive immunity.","volume":"311","author":"Steinman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"R6-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943954","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.05854.x","article-title":"Tolllike receptors and their role in gastrointestinal disease.","volume":"24","author":"Testro","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R7-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394397","DOI":"10.1038\/41131","article-title":"A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity.","volume":"388","author":"Medzhitov","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R8-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355356","DOI":"10.1038\/351355b0","article-title":"Drosophila Toll and IL1 receptor.","volume":"351","author":"Gay","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R9-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269279","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90516-8","article-title":"The Toll gene of Drosophila, required for dorsalventral embryonic polarity, appears to encode a transmembrane protein.","volume":"52","author":"Hashimoto","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R10-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486488","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1996.0150","article-title":"Chromosomal localization of TIL, a gene encoding a protein related to the Drosophila transmembrane receptor Toll, to human chromosome 4p14.","volume":"32","author":"Taguchi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"R11-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322335","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22306","article-title":"Tolllike receptors and adaptor molecules in liver disease: update.","volume":"48","author":"Seki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R12-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301305","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071059","article-title":"The danger model: a renewed sense of self.","volume":"296","author":"Matzinger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"RU13-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6081","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2007.00579.x","article-title":"The grateful dead: damageassociated molecular pattern molecules and reductionoxidation regulate immunity.","volume":"220","author":"Lotze","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"RU14-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73707377","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306793200","article-title":"Involvement of tolllike receptors 2 and 4 in cellular activation by high mobility group box 1 protein.","volume":"279","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"RU15-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435461","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.23.090506.123337","article-title":"Hyaluronan in tissue injury and repair.","volume":"23","author":"Jiang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"RU16-5-20250124","first-page":"111127","article-title":"Heat shock proteins and tolllike receptors.","volume":"183","author":"Asea","year":"2008","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"RU17-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13991407","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-07-019307","article-title":"TLRs and innate immunity.","volume":"113","author":"Beutler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R19-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947950","DOI":"10.1038\/ni712","article-title":"Tolllike receptors control activation of adaptive immune responses.","volume":"2","author":"Schnare","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"R20-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358365","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0b013e3283061149","article-title":"Tolllike receptor signaling in transplantation.","volume":"13","author":"Alegre","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Organ Transplant"},{"key":"R21-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704720","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.156307","article-title":"Tolllike receptors as targets in chronic liver diseases.","volume":"58","author":"Mencin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R22-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.08.005","article-title":"Intrahepatic immunity: a tale of two sites?","volume":"26","author":"Bowen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"R23-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21961","article-title":"Migration of allosensitizing donor myeloid dendritic cells into recipients after liver transplantation.","volume":"16","author":"Bosma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R24-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149151","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1447.034","article-title":"TLR agonists abrogate costimulation blockadeinduced mixed chimerism and transplantation tolerance.","volume":"1150","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"R25-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15711578","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200317573","article-title":"Critical role of the tolllike receptor signal adaptor protein MyD88 in acute allograft rejection.","volume":"111","author":"Goldstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R26-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19942002","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636249","article-title":"Simultaneous deletion of MyD88 and Trif delays major histocompatibility and minor antigen mismatch allograft rejection.","volume":"36","author":"McKay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"R27-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22822291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01489.x","article-title":"TLR engagement prevents transplantation tolerance.","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R28-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15611570","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.3.1561","article-title":"TLR agonists abrogate costimulation blockadeinduced prolongation of skin allografts.","volume":"176","author":"Thornley","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R29-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14291439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2004.00544.x","article-title":"TH1 immune responses to fully MHC mismatched allografts are diminished in the absence of MyD88, a tolllike receptor signal adaptor protein.","volume":"4","author":"Tesar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R30-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53075316","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.8.5307","article-title":"Absence of innate MyD88 signaling promotes inducible allograft acceptance.","volume":"177","author":"Walker","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R31-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13801384","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1113401","article-title":"Tolllike receptor 8mediated reversal of CD4 regulatory T cell function.","volume":"309","author":"Peng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R32-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10331036","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1078231","article-title":"Toll pathwaydependent blockade of CD4CD25 T cellmediated suppression by dendritic cells.","volume":"299","author":"Pasare","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R33-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178186","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21446","article-title":"Immune role of hepatic TLR4 revealed by orthotopic mouse liver transplantation.","volume":"45","author":"John","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R34-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101105","DOI":"10.1038\/35065111","article-title":"Visualizing the generation of memory CD4 T cells in the whole body.","volume":"410","author":"Reinhardt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R35-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24022409","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.4.2402","article-title":"TNF controls intrahepatic T cell apoptosis and peripheral T cell numbers.","volume":"173","author":"Murray","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R36-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16431650","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.3.1643","article-title":"TLR4 regulates CD8 T cell trapping in the liver.","volume":"175","author":"John","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R37-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626633","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0604332","article-title":"Development and functional consequences of LPS tolerance in sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver.","volume":"77","author":"Uhrig","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"R38-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71547158","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.12.7154","article-title":"Cutting edge: highmobility group box 1 preconditioning protects against liver ischemiareperfusion injury.","volume":"176","author":"Izuishi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R39-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2007.10.005","article-title":"The dual immunoregulatory roles of stress proteins.","volume":"33","author":"Pockley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"R40-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32193225","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.5.3219","article-title":"TLR4 hyperresponsiveness via cell surface expression of heat shock protein gp96 potentiates suppressive function of regulatory T cells.","volume":"178","author":"Dai","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R41-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32223224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2007.02.102","article-title":"The role of tolllike receptors 2 and 4 in acute allograft rejection after liver transplantation.","volume":"39","author":"Deng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"R42-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2010.06324.x","article-title":"Acute allograft rejection in human liver transplant recipients is associated with signaling through tolllike receptor 4.","volume":"26","author":"Testro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R43-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628632","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200303-447OC","article-title":"The role of innate immunity in acute allograft rejection after lung transplantation.","volume":"168","author":"Palmer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R44-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24542461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00354.x","article-title":"Relevance of tolllike receptor4 polymorphisms in renal transplantation.","volume":"67","author":"Ducloux","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R45-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2660526613","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M100740200","article-title":"Interleukin6 protects against Fasmediated death by establishing a critical level of antiapoptotic hepatic proteins FLIP, Bcl2, and BclxL.","volume":"276","author":"Kovalovich","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R46-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03612.x","article-title":"Common studied polymorphisms do not affect plasma cytokine levels upon endotoxin exposure in humans.","volume":"152","author":"Taudorf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"R47-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22242226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2011.05.011","article-title":"Tolllike receptor 3 L412F polymorphism may protect against acute graft rejection in adult patients undergoing liver transplantation for hepatitis Crelated cirrhosis.","volume":"43","author":"Citores","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"R48-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422433","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20632","article-title":"Bacterial translocation (BT) in cirrhosis.","volume":"41","author":"Wiest","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R49-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3546","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2007.00574.x","article-title":"Highmobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein at the crossroads between innate and adaptive immunity.","volume":"220","author":"Bianchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"R50-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11351143","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20042614","article-title":"The nuclear factor HMGB1 mediates hepatic injury after murine liver ischemiareperfusion.","volume":"201","author":"Tsung","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R51-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76617668","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.11.7661","article-title":"Hepatic ischemiareperfusion injury involves functional TLR4 signaling in nonparenchymal cells.","volume":"175","author":"Tsung","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R52-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191195","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00858","article-title":"Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers inflammation.","volume":"418","author":"Scaffidi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R53-5-20250124","first-page":"889894","article-title":"Impact of innate and adaptive immunity on rejection and tolerance.","volume":"86","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R54-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14731483","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.3.1473","article-title":"Injury primes the innate immune system for enhanced tolllike receptor reactivity.","volume":"171","author":"Paterson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R55-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783790","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01242.x","article-title":"Characteristics associated with liver graft failure: the concept of a donor risk index.","volume":"6","author":"Feng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R56-5-20250124","first-page":"382383","article-title":"Grafts from elderly donors elicit a stronger immune response in the early period posttransplantation: a study in a rat model.","volume":"37","author":"ReutzelSelke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"R57-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29032911","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01547.x","article-title":"Timedependent changes in donor brain death related processes.","volume":"6","author":"Schuurs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R58-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15841593","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.01799.x","article-title":"Brain death activates donor organs and is associated with a worse IR injury after liver transplantation.","volume":"7","author":"Weiss","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R59-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969975","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00829.x","article-title":"Innate immunity and organ transplantation: the potential role of tolllike receptors.","volume":"5","author":"Andrade","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R60-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13171324","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1171317","article-title":"Contribution of prolonged ischemia and donor age to chronic renal allograft dysfunction.","volume":"11","author":"Tullius","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R61-5-20250124","first-page":"629636","article-title":"Donor age intensifies the early immune response after transplantation.","volume":"71","author":"ReutzelSelke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R62-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145148","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000164291.35925.7A","article-title":"Effect of donor age on survival of liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C virus infection.","volume":"80","author":"Condron","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R63-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331339","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000270313.31328.63","article-title":"Older donor livers show early severe histological activity, fibrosis, and graft failure after liver transplantation for hepatitis C.","volume":"84","author":"Rayhill","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R64-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14961503","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20849","article-title":"Impact of donor age on survival and fibrosis progression in patients with hepatitis C undergoing liver transplantation using HCV allografts.","volume":"12","author":"Khapra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R65-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14061413","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02642.x","article-title":"Insulin resistance, serum adipokines and risk of fibrosis progression in patients transplanted for hepatitis C.","volume":"9","author":"Veldt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R66-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7987","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21626","article-title":"Cirrhosis of mixed etiology (hepatitis C virus and alcohol): posttransplantation outcomecomparison with hepatitis C virusrelated cirrhosis and alcoholicrelated cirrhosis.","volume":"15","author":"Aguilera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R67-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30513057","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-07-2974","article-title":"Successful adoptive transfer and in vivo expansion of human haploidentical NK cells in patients with cancer.","volume":"105","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R68-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45984607","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.7.4598","article-title":"Calcineurin negatively regulates TLRmediated activation pathways.","volume":"179","author":"Kang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R69-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109120","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425908100928","article-title":"Calcineurin inactivation leads to decreased responsiveness to LPS in macrophages and dendritic cells and protects against LPSinduced toxicity in vivo.","volume":"15","author":"Jennings","year":"2009","journal-title":"Innate Immun"},{"key":"R70-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880884","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181861f1d","article-title":"Selective effects of cyclosporine A on Th2skewed dendritic cells matured with virallike stimulus by means of tolllike receptors.","volume":"86","author":"Abdul","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R71-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504513","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181b0e608","article-title":"Mycophenolic acid impedes the antigen presenting and lymph node homing capacities of human blood myeloid dendritic cells.","volume":"88","author":"Cicinnati","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R72-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10991107","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23712","article-title":"Cyclosporine and tacrolimus have inhibitory effects on tolllike receptor signaling after liver transplantation.","volume":"19","author":"Howell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R73-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71157119","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.12.7115","article-title":"Cutting edge: TLR4 activation mediates liver ischemiareperfusion inflammatory response via IFN regulatory factor 3dependent MyD88independent pathway.","volume":"173","author":"Zhai","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R74-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10161022","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181684248","article-title":"Evidence for the pivotal role of endogenous tolllike receptor 4 ligands in liver ischemia and reperfusion injury.","volume":"85","author":"Zhai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R75-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15671573","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2004.00549.x","article-title":"Antiendotoxin monoclonal antibodies are protective against hepatic ischemiareperfusion injury in steatotic mice.","volume":"4","author":"Fiorini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R76-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200207150-00003","article-title":"Activation of the lipopolysaccharide signaling pathway in hepatic transplantation preservation injury.","volume":"74","author":"Tsoulfas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R77-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621632","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23365","article-title":"Tolllike receptor 9 inhibition confers protection from liver ischemiareperfusion injury.","volume":"51","author":"Bamboat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R78-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29132923","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070247","article-title":"HMGB1 release induced by liver ischemia involves tolllike receptor 4 dependent reactive oxygen species production and calciummediated signaling.","volume":"204","author":"Tsung","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R79-5-20250124","first-page":"509514","article-title":"Endogenous danger signals trigger hepatic ischemiareperfusion injury through tolllike receptor 4nuclear factorkappa B pathway.","volume":"120","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"R80-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C514C520","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00032.2008","article-title":"Activation of hepatocytes by extracellular heat shock protein 72.","volume":"295","author":"Galloway","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"R81-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14351443","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21251","article-title":"Absence of tolllike receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in the donor organ reduces ischemia and reperfusion injury in a murine liver transplantation model.","volume":"13","author":"Shen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R82-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20172023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.06.079","article-title":"Tolllike receptor 4 mediates lung ischemiareperfusion injury.","volume":"82","author":"Shimamoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R84-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44234426","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i28.4423","article-title":"Protection against hepatic ischemiareperfusion injury via downregulation of tolllike receptor 2 expression by inhibition of Kupffer cell function.","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R85-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17931800","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00932.x","article-title":"Tolllike receptor and heme oxygenase1 signaling in hepatic ischemiareperfusion injury.","volume":"5","author":"Shen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R86-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28942903","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI22832","article-title":"Renalassociated TLR2 mediates ischemiareperfusion injury in the kidney.","volume":"115","author":"Leemans","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R87-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443450","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20603","article-title":"Contribution of tolllike receptormyeloid differentiation factor 88 signaling to murine liver regeneration.","volume":"41","author":"Seki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R88-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25222528","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.4.2522","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokine production in liver regeneration is Myd88dependent, but independent of Cd14, Tlr2, and Tlr4.","volume":"176","author":"Campbell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R89-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352364","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.34234","article-title":"Impaired liver regeneration in mice by lipopolysaccharide via TNFkallikreinmediated activation of latent TGF.","volume":"123","author":"Akita","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R90-5-20250124","first-page":"198206","article-title":"Tolllike receptor 3 signaling attenuates liver regeneration.","volume":"50","author":"ZordeKhvalevsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R91-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15251539","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.08.055","article-title":"Negative regulation of liver regeneration by innate immunity (natural killer cellsinterferongamma).","volume":"127","author":"Sun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R92-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598109","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/598109","article-title":"TLRs, NFB, JNK, and liver regeneration.","volume":"2010","author":"Iimuro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"R94-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250256","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290122","article-title":"High incidence of allograft cirrhosis in hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection following transplantation: relationship with rejection episodes.","volume":"29","author":"Prieto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R95-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11781182","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199805150-00006","article-title":"Timing and severity of initial hepatitis C recurrence as predictors of longterm liver allograft injury.","volume":"65","author":"Rosen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R96-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731738","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80208-6","article-title":"The outcome of hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantationis it influenced by the type of immunosuppression?","volume":"30","author":"Papatheodoridis","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R97-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511516","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000276960.35313.bf","article-title":"Association between tolllike receptor polymorphisms and the outcome of liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis C virus.","volume":"84","author":"Eid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R98-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943953","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12165","article-title":"Tolllike receptor 3 and 78 function is impaired in hepatitis C rapid fibrosis progression postliver transplantation.","volume":"13","author":"Howell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R99-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13151320","DOI":"10.1086\/514339","article-title":"Relationship between tolllike receptor 2 polymorphism and cytomegalovirus disease after liver transplantation.","volume":"44","author":"Kijpittayarit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R100-5-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14931500","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000264999.71318.2b","article-title":"The influence of innate immunity gene receptors polymorphisms in renal transplant infections.","volume":"83","author":"Cervera","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplantation"}],"container-title":["Liver Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flt.23793","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flt.23793","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01445473-201403000-00005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T17:31:59Z","timestamp":1737739919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01445473-201403000-00005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lt.23793","relation":{},"ISSN":["1527-6465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1527-6465","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}}}