{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T09:24:11Z","timestamp":1760865851786,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]],"date-time":"2014-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>Bacterial and fungal infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation (LT). The role of intestinal decontamination in the prevention of post-LT infections is controversial. Rifaximin is widely used for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. The effect of rifaximin on post-LT infections is unknown. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of rifaximin therapy in the pretransplant period on early bacterial infections (EBIs) and fungal infections within the first 30 days after LT. All adult patients who underwent LT at our institution (January 2009 to July 2011) were included in this retrospective cohort study. Patients receiving antibiotics other than pretransplant protocol antibiotics were excluded. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on the presence or absence of rifaximin therapy for at least 2 days before LT. Infections were defined by the isolation of any bacterial or fungal organisms within 30 days of LT. Multivariate regression analysis, Student <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic> tests, and Pearson's chi-square tests were used to compare the 2 groups. Two hundred sixty-eight patients were included, and 71 of these patients (26.5%) were on rifaximin at the time of LT. The 2 groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, race, and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score. There were no significant differences in the rates of EBIs (30% for the non-rifaximin group and 25% for the rifaximin group, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.48) or fungal infections between the 2 groups. There was no increase in antimicrobial resistance among the infecting organisms. There was no difference in survival between the rifaximin and non-rifaximin groups (98% versus 97%, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.36). In conclusion, the use of rifaximin in the pre-LT period was not associated with an increased risk of bacterial or fungal infections in the early post-LT period. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Liver Transpl 20:544\u2013551, 2014<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2014 AASLD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,3]],"date-time":"2014-02-03T20:44:02Z","timestamp":1391460242000},"page":"544-551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Impact of pretransplant rifaximin therapy on early post\u2013liver transplant infections"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jamak Modaresi","family":"Esfeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim A.","family":"Hanouneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine E.","family":"Koval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepan S.","family":"Dalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kianoush","family":"Ansari-Gilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley D.","family":"Confer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bijan","family":"Eghtesad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nizar N.","family":"Zein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narayanan K. V.","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2009.04.017","article-title":"Comparison of de novo tumours after liver transplantation with incidence rates from Italian cancer registries.","volume":"42","author":"Baccarani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"R2-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26012614","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra064928","article-title":"Infection in solidorgan transplant recipients.","volume":"357","author":"Fishman","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R3-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511527","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22291","article-title":"Critical care issues in patients after liver transplantation.","volume":"17","author":"Razonable","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R5-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856866","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2007.00530.x","article-title":"Early and late onset Clostridium difficileassociated colitis following liver transplantation.","volume":"20","author":"Albright","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"R11-6-20250124","first-page":"12751285","article-title":"Effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in critically ill adult patients: systematic review of randomised controlled trials.","volume":"316","author":"DAmico","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R12-6-20250124","first-page":"10111016","article-title":"Effects of selective decontamination of digestive tract on mortality and acquisition of resistant bacteria in intensive care: a randomised controlled trial.","volume":"362","author":"de Jonge","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R13-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170176","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.134.2.170","article-title":"Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in surgical patients: a systematic review of the evidence.","volume":"134","author":"Nathens","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"R14-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10291037","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2105141","article-title":"Influence of combined intravenous and topical antibiotic prophylaxis on the incidence of infections, organ dysfunctions, and mortality in critically ill surgical patients: a prospective, stratified, randomized, doubleblind, placebocontrolled clinical trial.","volume":"166","author":"Krueger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R15-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139144","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.60.2.139","article-title":"Selective bowel decontamination with quinolones and nystatin reduces gramnegative and fungal infections in orthotopic liver transplant recipients.","volume":"60","author":"Gorensek","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"R16-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.06.007","article-title":"Rifaximin: new therapeutic indication and future directions.","volume":"33","author":"Rivkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"R17-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NPR.0000398828.65237.db","article-title":"A new use for Xifaxan.","volume":"36","author":"Belavic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nurse Pract"},{"key":"R18-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227235","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X11398734","article-title":"Rifaximin for the treatment of acute infectious diarrhea.","volume":"4","author":"Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R19-6-20250124","first-page":"101105","article-title":"Prevention of infection in colonic surgery by rifaximin. A controlled, prospective, randomized trial.","volume":"9","author":"Gruttadauria","year":"1987","journal-title":"Riv Eur Sci Med Farmacol"},{"key":"R22-6-20250124","first-page":"136146","article-title":"Infectious diseases in the liver transplant recipient.","volume":"9","author":"Singh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Semin Gastrointest Dis"},{"key":"R23-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12041209","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200206000-00004","article-title":"Selective decontamination of the digestive tract to prevent postoperative infection: a randomized placebocontrolled trial in liver transplant patients.","volume":"30","author":"Zwaveling","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R24-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19041909","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200206270-00009","article-title":"A randomized, prospective, doubleblinded evaluation of selective bowel decontamination in liver transplantation.","volume":"73","author":"Hellinger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R25-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7784","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.1993.tb00755.x","article-title":"Infections in human liver recipients: different patterns early and late after transplantation.","volume":"6","author":"Barkholt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"R26-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849852","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2012.01619.x","article-title":"Impact of rifaximin use for hepatic encephalopathy on the risk of early posttransplant infections in liver transplant recipients.","volume":"26","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"}],"container-title":["Liver Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flt.23845","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flt.23845","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01445473-201405000-00006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T17:31:39Z","timestamp":1737739899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01445473-201405000-00006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lt.23845","relation":{},"ISSN":["1527-6465"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1527-6465"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}}}