{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T03:25:40Z","timestamp":1785813940656,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":304,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>Ambivalence in the decision-making process for living liver donors has the potential to result in their experiencing a negative mental status. To promote donor candidates' well-being, it is important to study the factors related to ambivalence. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the ambivalence of living liver donor candidates and to investigate the effect of social support and donation-related concerns on their ambivalence. A cross-sectional design was used. In total, 100 living liver donor candidates who underwent a preoperative evaluation between April and October 2009 were recruited for the study. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire that contained items related to ambivalence, donation-related concerns, and social support. The mean score for ambivalence was 3.14 (standard deviation = 1.8), and the median was 3. Only 7% of the study sample reported no ambivalence during the assessment stage. Ambivalence was positively correlated with donation-related concerns (physical concerns, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic> = 0.39; psychosocial concerns, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic> = 0.43; financial concerns, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic> = 0.29) and negatively correlated with social support (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.16 to \u22120.33). Those with psychosocial concerns had significantly worse ambivalence (\u03b2 = 0.29, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03), but social support mitigated ambivalence (\u03b2 = \u22120.34, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01). When intimacy and social support were included in the model, the effect of psychosocial concerns on ambivalence became nonsignificant (\u03b2 = 0.24, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.08). Ambivalence is common among living liver donor candidates, but instrumental social support can mediate the negative effect of donation-related concerns. Recommendations include providing appropriate social support to minimize donation-related concerns and, thus, to reduce the ambivalence of living liver candidates. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Liver Transpl 20:1365\u20131371, 2014<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2014 AASLD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,15]],"date-time":"2014-07-15T15:56:49Z","timestamp":1405439809000},"page":"1365-1371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Effect of social support and donation-related concerns on ambivalence of living liver donor candidates"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yun-Chieh","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Chen","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeong-Yuh","family":"Juang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee-Lan","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Chueh","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsueh Fen","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-11-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2007.00782.x","article-title":"Sense of coherence and social support predict living liver donors emotional stress prior to livingdonor liver transplantation.","volume":"22","author":"Erim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"R2-11-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8894","DOI":"10.1080\/13651820310020765","article-title":"Living donor liver transplantation: Eastern experiences.","volume":"6","author":"Tanaka","year":"2004","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"key":"R3-11-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143151","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.49.2.143","article-title":"Selection of donors for adult livingdonor liver donation: results of the assessment of the first 205 donor candidates.","volume":"49","author":"Erim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"R4-11-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12551261","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000287455.70815.9e","article-title":"Relevant factors to psychological status of donors before livingrelated liver transplantation.","volume":"84","author":"Hayashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R6-11-20250124","first-page":"4757","article-title":"Donor ambivalence: a key issue in families of children with endstage renal disease.","volume":"13","author":"Steele","year":"1987","journal-title":"Soc Work Health Care"},{"key":"R7-11-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2006.00464.x","article-title":"Impaired psychosocial outcome of donors after living donor liver transplantation: a qualitative case study.","volume":"20","author":"Walter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"R8-11-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03805.x","article-title":"Motives and decision making of potential living liver donors: comparisons between gender, relationships and ambivalence.","volume":"12","author":"DiMartini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R9-11-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10811084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2005.01.032","article-title":"Decisionrelated factors and attitudes toward donation in living related liver transplantation: tenyear experience.","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"R10-11-20250124","first-page":"286293","article-title":"Liver transplantation.","volume":"4","author":"Ho","year":"2000","journal-title":"Formosan J Med"},{"key":"R11-11-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846847","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31822e0c36","article-title":"To donate or not to donate: decision making and psychosocial determinants in living liver donation.","volume":"92","author":"Schulz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R12-11-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12851296","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31823817d5","article-title":"Informed consent and decision making about adult to adult living donor liver transplantation: a systemic review of empirical research.","volume":"92","author":"Gordon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R13-11-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186193","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-6143.2002.020211.x","article-title":"The general publics concerns about clinical risk in live kidney donation.","volume":"2","author":"Boulware","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R14-11-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890896","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000173648.60978.30","article-title":"Ethnic differences in donationrelated characteristics among potential hematopoietic stem cell donors.","volume":"80","author":"Switzer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R16-11-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200206","DOI":"10.1177\/152692481102100304","article-title":"The roles of social support and psychological distress in lung transplant candidacy.","volume":"21","author":"Phillips","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog Transplant"},{"key":"R17-11-20250124","first-page":"8090","article-title":"Association between quality of informed consent and preoperation ambivalence.","volume":"9","author":"Liao","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Educ"},{"key":"R19-11-20250124","first-page":"418","article-title":"The relationships of symptom distress, social support and selfcare behaviors in heart transplant recipients.","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Nurs Res"},{"key":"R20-11-20250124","first-page":"3548","article-title":"Organ transplantation as a family issue: living liver donors in Japan.","volume":"19","author":"Muto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Jpn Soc"},{"key":"R21-11-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12261233","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22342","article-title":"Ambivalence in living liver donors.","volume":"17","author":"Simpson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R22-11-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13031309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2007.02.096","article-title":"Knowledge and willingness toward living organ donation: a survey of three universities in Changsha, Hunan Province, China.","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"R23-11-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27702777","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.01092.x","article-title":"Living donor adult liver transplantation: a longitudinal study of the donors quality of life.","volume":"5","author":"Verbesey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R24-11-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16581661","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21930","article-title":"Ethical perspectives on living donor organ transplantation in Asia.","volume":"15","author":"Concejero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R25-11-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17491757","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2011.05625.x","article-title":"Primary Caregiver stress in caring for a livingrelated liver transplantation recipient during the postoperative stage.","volume":"67","author":"Weng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"R26-11-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133139","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0b013e3182475688","article-title":"The coping experience of Taiwanese male donors in living donor liver transplantation.","volume":"61","author":"Weng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"R27-11-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6166","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2003.00061.x","article-title":"Decisionmaking process for living kidney donors.","volume":"35","author":"Yi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarship"},{"key":"R28-11-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768774","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20689","article-title":"A model of donors decisionmaking in adulttoadult living donor liver transplantation in Japan: having no choice.","volume":"12","author":"Fujita","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"}],"container-title":["Liver Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flt.23952","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flt.23952","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01445473-201411000-00011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T17:34:09Z","timestamp":1737740049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01445473-201411000-00011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lt.23952","relation":{},"ISSN":["1527-6465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1527-6465","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}}}