{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:36:10Z","timestamp":1790094970961,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":274,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>Limited data on short- and long-term outcomes of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in pediatric liver transplantation (LT) patients exist. We evaluated risk factors for RRT in pediatric LT recipients with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) and described the outcomes. We performed a single-center, case-control study of LT recipients who required RRT for HRS from 1999 to 2011. Three controls who did not receive RRT were matched with each case on the basis of age, diagnosis, and LT date. We identified 8 recipients among 133 recipients of 152 LT cases [6%, 95% confidence interval = 2%-10%; mean age = 7.7 years, range = 0.5\u201319.8 years) who required RRT before LT for HRS. Four patients were &lt;1 year old and weighed 5.6 to 6.6 kg. Biliary atresia was the most common LT indication. Cases had higher Model for (Pediatric) End-Stage Liver Disease scores at listing (26 versus 16, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) and lower glomerular filtration rates (GFRs; 15 versus 102 mL\/minute\/1.73 m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) at RRT initiation or LT. Ascites, gastrointestinal bleeding, and infections occurred more commonly among cases: (100% versus 54%, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03; 100% versus 46%, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01; and 88% versus 33%, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01, respectively). Cases also experienced toxic vancomycin troughs more frequently (38% versus 0%, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) and received RRT for a median of 21 days (range = 3\u2013355 days). The case mortality rate was 37.5% (3\/8 at 1, 26, and 346 days after LT) and 0% for controls. The 4 infants required 0 to 3 dialysis catheter replacements during RRT. Cases and controls had similar median follow-ups [3.2 years (range = 1.5\u20137.6 years) versus 4.9 years (range = 0.2\u201311 years), <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.29]. After LT, they also had similar GFRs (83 versus 99 mL\/minute\/1.73 m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> at 1 month, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.19; 80 versus 107 mL\/minute\/1.73 m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> at 1 year, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.99; and 97 versus 114 mL\/minute\/1.73 m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> at the most recent follow-up, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.09). The case survival rates were 75% and 63% at 1 month and 1 year, respectively; 4 cases required antihypertensives and diuretics 1 month after LT, but at the last follow-up, only 1 case required antihypertensive therapy, and none required diuretics. In conclusion, pediatric patients with HRS, including infants, benefit from RRT. Although HRS decreases survival, patients with HRS who undergo LT generally recover renal function within 1 month that persists during long-term follow-up. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Liver Transpl 20:1468\u20131474, 2014<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2014 AASLD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,2]],"date-time":"2014-09-02T03:41:32Z","timestamp":1409629292000},"page":"1468-1474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Renal Replacement Therapy in Infants and Children With Hepatorenal Syndrome Awaiting Liver Transplantation: a Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Elizabeth Parsons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raoul","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda S.","family":"Book","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kyle Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.08.001","article-title":"Renal and circulatory dysfunction in cirrhosis: current management and future perspectives.","volume":"53","author":"Sola","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R4-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12084.x","article-title":"Artificial renal and liver support in a severe hepatorenal syndrome of childhood.","volume":"81","author":"Alarabi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"R5-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198704000-00012","article-title":"The reversal of the hepatorenal syndrome in four pediatric patients following successful orthotopic liver transplantation.","volume":"205","author":"Wood","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R6-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3109\/08860229509026250","article-title":"Risk factors and outcome of 107 patients with decompensated liver disease and acute renal failure (including 26 patients with hepatorenal syndrome): the role of hemodialysis.","volume":"17","author":"Keller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"R7-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2006.12.006","article-title":"Immediate recovery of renal function after orthotopic liver transplantation in a patient with hepatorenal syndrome requiring hemodialysis for more than 8 months.","volume":"39","author":"Storm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"R8-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2007.01.087","article-title":"Outcomes for hepatorenal syndrome and acute kidney injury in patients undergoing liver transplantation: a singlecenter experience.","volume":"39","author":"Shusterman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"R10-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(86)80879-4","article-title":"Renal failure in children with hepatic failure undergoing liver transplantation.","volume":"108","author":"Ellis","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R11-6-20250124","first-page":"295","article-title":"Renal failure and dialysis therapy in children with hepatic failure in the perioperative period of orthotopic liver transplantation.","volume":"25","author":"Ellis","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"R12-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.08.044","article-title":"Continuous renal replacement therapy for children 10 kg: a report from the prospective pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy registry.","volume":"162","author":"Askenazi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R13-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.03.029","article-title":"Incidence and prognosis of different types of functional renal failure in cirrhotic patients with ascites.","volume":"8","author":"Montoliu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R17-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01508.x","article-title":"Geographic differences in event rates by Model for EndStage Liver Disease score.","volume":"6","author":"Roberts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R18-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2008.01041.x","article-title":"Combined liverkidney transplantation in children: indications and outcome.","volume":"12","author":"Sutherland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant"},{"key":"R19-6-20250124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23493","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of patients with hepatorenal syndrome after living donor liver transplantation.","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"}],"container-title":["Liver Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flt.23987","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01445473-201412000-00006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T17:33:49Z","timestamp":1737740029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01445473-201412000-00006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lt.23987","relation":{},"ISSN":["1527-6465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1527-6465","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}}}