{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T15:31:23Z","timestamp":1781623883811,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]],"date-time":"2016-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]],"date-time":"2016-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver Transpl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bile duct injury may occur during liver procurement and transplantation, especially in livers from donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has been shown to reduce hepatic injury compared to static cold storage (SCS). However, it is unknown whether NMP provides better preservation of bile ducts. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of NMP on bile duct preservation in both DCD and non\u2010DCD livers. DCD and non\u2010DCD livers obtained from Lewis rats were preserved for 3 hours using either SCS or NMP, followed by 2 hours ex vivo reperfusion. Biomarkers of bile duct injury (gamma\u2010glutamyltransferase and lactate dehydrogenase in bile) were lower in NMP\u2010preserved livers compared to SCS\u2010preserved livers. Biliary bicarbonate concentration, reflecting biliary epithelial function, was 2\u2010fold higher in NMP\u2010preserved livers (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). In parallel with this, the pH of the bile was significantly higher in NMP\u2010preserved livers (7.63 \u00b1 0.02 and 7.74 \u00b1 0.05 for non\u2010DCD and DCD livers, respectively) compared with SCS\u2010preserved livers (7.46 \u00b1 0.02 and 7.49 \u00b1 0.04 for non\u2010DCD and DCD livers, respectively). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of donor extrahepatic bile ducts demonstrated significantly decreased injury of the biliary epithelium of NMP\u2010preserved donor livers (including the loss of lateral interdigitations and mitochondrial injury). Differences between NMP and SCS were most prominent in DCD livers. Compared to conventional SCS, NMP provides superior preservation of bile duct epithelial cell function and morphology, especially in DCD donor livers. By reducing biliary injury, NMP could have an important impact on the utilization of DCD livers and outcome after transplantation. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Liver Transplantation 22 994\u20131005 2016 AASLD<\/jats:italic>\n                        <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,6]],"date-time":"2016-03-06T12:08:57Z","timestamp":1457266137000},"page":"994-1005","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Normothermic machine perfusion reduces bile duct injury and improves biliary epithelial function in rat donor livers"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Sanna","family":"op den Dries","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands"},{"name":"Surgical Research Laboratory, University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negin","family":"Karimian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands"},{"name":"Surgical Research Laboratory, University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrie C.","family":"Westerkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands"},{"name":"Surgical Research Laboratory, University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands"},{"name":"Surgical Research Laboratory, University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiel","family":"Kuipers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands"},{"name":"Surgical Research Laboratory, University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janneke","family":"Wiersema\u2010Buist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Research Laboratory, University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra J.","family":"Ottens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Research Laboratory, University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Kuipers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben N.","family":"Giepmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri G. D.","family":"Leuvenink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Research Laboratory, University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ton","family":"Lisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands"},{"name":"Surgical Research Laboratory, University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Porte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"lt24436-bib-0001-20240115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21165","article-title":"Nonanastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation, part 2: management, outcome, and risk factors for disease progression","volume":"13","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"lt24436-bib-0002-20240115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21509","article-title":"Biliary strictures following liver transplantation: Past, present and preventive strategies","volume":"14","year":"2008","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"lt24436-bib-0003-20240115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2009.00947.x","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors for ischemic\u2010type biliary lesions following orthotopic liver 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