{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:34:07Z","timestamp":1790015647970,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]],"date-time":"2019-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver Transpl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The worldwide increase in obesity and diabetes has led to predictions that nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) will become the leading indication for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Data supporting this prediction from outside the United States are limited. Thus, we aimed to determine trends in the frequency of NASH among adults listed and undergoing OLT in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) from 1994 to 2017. Data from the ANZ Liver Transplant Registry were analyzed with patients listed for fulminant liver failure, retransplantation, or multivisceral transplants excluded. Nonparametric trend, Spearman rank correlation, and regression analysis were used to assess trends in etiologies of liver disease over time. Of 5016 patient wait\u2010list registrants, a total of 3470 received an OLT. The percentage of patients with NASH activated for OLT increased significantly from 2.0% in 2003 to 10.9% in 2017 (trend analyses; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P <\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001). In 2017, NASH was the third leading cause of chronic liver disease (CLD) among wait\u2010list registrants behind chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV; 29.5%) and alcohol (16.1%). Similarly, significant increases over time in the percentage of patients undergoing OLT were observed for HCV and NASH (all trend analyses; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P <\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001) but with significant reductions in primary sclerosing cholangitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis (both <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P <\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05). By 2017, NASH was the third leading cause of liver disease among patients undergoing OLT (12.4%) and behind chronic HCV (30.2%) and alcohol (18.2%). NASH also became the third most frequent etiology of CLD in patients transplanted (13.8%) with concomitant hepatocellular carcinoma by 2017. In conclusion, NASH is increasing as a primary etiology of liver disease requiring listing and liver transplantation in ANZ.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,5]],"date-time":"2019-01-05T00:59:32Z","timestamp":1546649972000},"page":"25-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Increasing Incidence of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis as an Indication for Liver Transplantation in Australia and New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Calzadilla\u2010Bertot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School,University of Western Australia,Nedlands,Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary P.","family":"Jeffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School,University of Western Australia,Nedlands,Australia"},{"name":"Liver Transplant Unit,Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital,Perth,Western Australia,Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryon","family":"Jacques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Transplant Unit,Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital,Perth,Western Australia,Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"McCaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian National Liver Transplant Unit,Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney,Sydney,Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian National Liver Transplant Unit,Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney,Sydney,Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Angus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Austin Hospital,Melbourne,Victoria,Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Austin Hospital,Melbourne,Victoria,Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Gane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland City Hospital,Auckland,New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Munn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland City Hospital,Auckland,New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"Macdonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Alexandria Hospital,Brisbane,Queensland,Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Fawcett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Alexandria Hospital,Brisbane,Queensland,Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Wigg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Medical Centre,Adelaide,South Australia,Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Medical Centre,Adelaide,South Australia,Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery,Austin Health, University of Melbourne,Melbourne,Victoria,Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon A.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School,University of Western Australia,Nedlands,Australia"},{"name":"Liver Transplant Unit,Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital,Perth,Western Australia,Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"lt25361-bib-0001-20240115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30054-X","article-title":"Trends in adult body\u2010mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population\u2010based measurement studies with 19\u00b72 million participants","volume":"387","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"lt25361-bib-0002-20240115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\u2014Meta\u2010analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"lt25361-bib-0003-20240115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1381\/096089202321144577","article-title":"Liver pathology in 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