{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T22:08:58Z","timestamp":1780610938270,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver Transpl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nearly half of living liver donors in North America are women of child\u2010bearing age. Fetal and maternal outcomes after donation are unknown. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of female living liver donors (aged 18\u201050 years at donation) from 6 transplant centers. Participants were surveyed about their pregnancies and fertility. Outcomes were compared between predonation and postdonation pregnancies. Generalized estimating equations were clustered on donor and adjusted for age at pregnancy, parity, and pregnancy year. Among the 276 donors surveyed, 151 donors responded (54.7% response rate) and reported 313 pregnancies; 168\/199 (68.8%) of the predonation pregnancies and 82\/114 (71.9%) of the postdonation pregnancies resulted in live births, whereas 16.6% and 24.6% resulted in miscarriage, respectively. Women with postdonation pregnancies were older (32.0 versus 26.7\u00a0years; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and more frequently reported abnormal liver enzymes during pregnancy (3.5% versus 0.0%; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02) and delivery via cesarean delivery (35.4% versus 19.7%; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01). On adjusted analysis, there was no difference in cesarean delivery (odds ratio [OR], 2.44; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.98\u20106.08), miscarriage (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.78\u20103.24), combined endpoints of pregnancy\u2010induced hypertension and preeclampsia (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.36\u20104.49), or intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.19\u20104.3). Of the 49 women who attempted pregnancy after donation, 11 (22.5%) self\u2010reported infertility; however, 8\/11 (72.7%) eventually had live births. Aside from increased reporting of abnormal liver enzymes and cesarean deliveries, there was no significant difference in pregnancy outcomes before and after living liver donation. One\u2010fifth of women who attempt pregnancy after liver donation reported infertility, and although the majority went on to successful live births, further exploration is needed to understand the contributing factors. Future research should continue to monitor this patient\u2010centered outcome across a large cohort of donors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.26098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T10:20:37Z","timestamp":1621160437000},"page":"1262-1272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pregnancy Outcomes After Living Liver Donation: A Multi\u2010Institutional Study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7886-017X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Sonnenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery,Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia,PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace S.","family":"Lee\u2010Riddle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery,Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia,PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David O.","family":"Walls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery,Robert Wood Johnson Medical School,New Brunswick,NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan C.","family":"Caicedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Transplant Outcomes Research Collaborative, Feinberg School of Medicine,Northwestern University,Chicago,IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3429-410X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Whitney E.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, and the Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research and Education,University of Colorado,Aurora,CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,Yale University,New Haven,CT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela P.","family":"Ladner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Transplant Outcomes Research Collaborative, Feinberg School of Medicine,Northwestern University,Chicago,IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4484-6190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"AnnMarie","family":"Liapakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,Yale University,New Haven,CT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Pomfret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and the Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research and Education,University of Colorado,Aurora,CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,University of California San Francisco,San Francisco,CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazia","family":"Selzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,Toronto General Hospital,Toronto,ON,Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Marie","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,University of California San Francisco,San Francisco,CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8682-972X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter L.","family":"Abt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery,Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia,PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim M.","family":"Olthoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery,Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia,PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"lt26098-bib-0001-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2008.02440.x","article-title":"Recipient morbidity after living and deceased donor liver transplantation: findings from the A2ALL Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"8","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"lt26098-bib-0002-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001383","article-title":"Defining long\u2010term outcomes with living donor liver transplantation in North America","volume":"262","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann 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History"}},{"value":"2021-05-03","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}