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CAID is associated with synchronous observations of dysregulated priming of innate immune effector cells that demonstrate a proinflammatory phenotype but are functionally impaired and unable to adequately prevent invading pathogens. CAID is mainly driven by gut\u2010barrier dysfunction and is associated with deficits of microbial compartmentalization and homeostasis that lead to tonic activation, systemic inflammation, and exhaustion of innate\u2010immune cells. CAID leads to a high frequency of bacterial and fungal infections in patients with cirrhosis that are often associated with acute decompensation of chronic liver disease and acute\u2010on\u2010chronic liver failure and carry a high mortality rate. Understanding the deficits of mucosal and systemic immunity in the context of chronic liver disease is essential to improving care for patients with cirrhosis, preventing precipitants of acute decompensation of cirrhosis, and improving morbidity and survival. In this review, we summarize the detailed dynamic immunological perturbations associated with advanced chronic liver disease and highlight the importance of recognizing immune dysregulation as a sequela of cirrhosis. Furthermore, we address the role of screening, prevention, and early treatment of infections in cirrhosis in improving patient outcomes in transplant and nontransplant settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.26353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T09:30:32Z","timestamp":1636104632000},"page":"700-716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Implications and Management of Cirrhosis\u2010Associated Immune Dysfunction Before and After Liver Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9290-3044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Tranah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Liver Studies,School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine,King\u2019s College London,London,UK"},{"name":"Institute of Liver Studies,King\u2019s 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