{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T21:49:11Z","timestamp":1791755351060,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver Transpl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The economic burden of chronic liver disease is rising; however, the financial impact of chronic liver disease on patients and families has been underexplored. We performed a scoping review to identify studies examining financial burden (patient\/family health care expenditures), financial distress (material, behavioral, and psychological consequences of financial burden), and financial toxicity (adverse health outcomes of financial distress) experienced by patients with chronic liver disease and their families. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science online databases for articles published since the introduction of the Model for End\u2010Stage Liver Disease score for liver transplantation allocation in February 2002 until July 2021. Final searches were conducted between June and July 2021. Studies were included if they examined the prevalence or impact of financial burden or distress among patients with chronic liver disease and\/or their caregivers. A total of 19 observational studies met inclusion criteria involving 24,549 patients and 276 caregivers across 5 countries. High rates of financial burden and distress were reported within the study populations, particularly among patients with hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplantation recipients. Financial burden and distress were associated with increased pre\u2010 and posttransplantation health care utilization and poor health\u2010related quality of life as well as caregiver burden, depression, and anxiety. None of the included studies evaluated interventions to alleviate financial burden and distress. Observational evidence supports the finding that financial burden and distress are underrecognized but highly prevalent among patients with chronic liver disease and their caregivers and are associated with poor health outcomes. There is a critical need for interventions to mitigate financial burden and distress and reduce financial toxicity in chronic liver disease care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.26514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T00:29:04Z","timestamp":1653870544000},"page":"1920-1935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Financial burden in adults with chronic liver disease: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8255-9374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nneka N.","family":"Ufere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center, Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine,Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School,Boston,Massachusetts,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishant","family":"Satapathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University,Atlanta,Georgia,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Philpotts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Treadwell Library,Massachusetts General Hospital,Boston,Massachusetts,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2092-6380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine,University of California San Francisco,San Francisco,California,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4899-2160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Serper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"lt26514-bib-0001-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 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