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In an attempt to reduce these risks and provide for an earlier minimally invasive repair, it is aimed to develop and characterize an innovative alternative using a unique reverse thermal gel. This study focuses on characterization of the physical and biological properties of the polymer and its in vivo applicability. Based on the knowledge and benchmarking, the \u201cideal\u201d biomaterial should have the following characteristics: stability in amniotic fluid, limited permeability, biocompatibility, biologically functional, nontoxic, ability to support cellular functions, and in vivo applicability. The results demonstrate that the polymer possesses a unique ultrastructure, is stable in amniotic fluid, possesses limited yet predictable permeability, biocompatible with cells exposed in neural tube defects, is nontoxic, and can support cellular migration. These characteristics make it a potential novel alternative to open fetal repairs.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mabi201600473-abs-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201600473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]],"date-time":"2017-01-30T15:14:16Z","timestamp":1485789256000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Reverse Thermal Gel for In Utero Coverage of Spina Bifida Defects: An Innovative Bioengineering Alternative to Open Fetal Repair"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ahmed I.","family":"Marwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology Department of Surgery University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus  12700 E 19th Ave., RC2\u2010P15\u20106013 Aurora 80045 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology Department of Surgery University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus  12700 E 19th Ave., RC2\u2010P15\u20106013 Aurora 80045 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Bardill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus  12700 E 19th Ave., RC2\u2010P15\u20106013 Aurora 80045 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Gralla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus  12700 E 19th Ave., RC2\u2010P15\u20106013 Aurora 80045 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noraishah M.","family":"Abdul\u2010Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology Department of Surgery University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus  12700 E 19th Ave., RC2\u2010P15\u20106013 Aurora 80045 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daewon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus  12700 E 19th Ave., RC2\u2010P15\u20106013 Aurora 80045 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062012-170354"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2011.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0495-342"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(96)90746-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1014379"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"3","volume":"31","author":"Ron E.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv. 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