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Butyrate is a short\u2010chain fatty acid (SCFA) with known anti\u2010inflammatory properties, able to modulate several neutrophil functions. Evidence is provided here that butyrate inhibits neutrophil ROS release in a dose and time\u2010dependent fashion. Given the short half\u2010life of butyrate, chitosan\/hyaluronan nanoparticles are next designed and developed as controlled release carriers able to provide cells with a long\u2010lasting supply of this SCFA. Notably, while the inhibition of neutrophil ROS production by free butyrate declines over time, that of butyrate\u2010loaded chitosan\/hyaluronan nanoparticles (B\u2010NPs) is sustained. Additional valuable features of these nanoparticles are inherent ROS scavenger activity, resistance to cell internalization, and mucoadhesiveness. B\u2010NPs appear as promising tools to limit ROS\u2010dependent tissue injury during inflammation. Particularly, by virtue of their mucoadhesiveness, B\u2010NPs administered by enema can be effective in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201700214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]],"date-time":"2017-09-04T10:32:39Z","timestamp":1504521159000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Butyrate\u2010Loaded Chitosan\/Hyaluronan Nanoparticles: A Suitable Tool for Sustained Inhibition of ROS Release by Activated Neutrophils"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Sacco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste  Via L. Giorgieri 5 I\u201034127 Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Decleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste  Via L. 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