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Currently, there is a lack of preventative measures available for at\u2010risk patients undergoing tooth extractions, especially those with prior bisphosphonate treatment due to osteoporosis or bone metastasis diagnoses. Here, these issues are addressed using a preventative tissue engineering strategy against MRONJ development. This study evaluates the efficacy of a poly(ethylene glycol)\u2010heparin hydrogel as a tool for the delivery of arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) and recombinant human bone morphogenic protein\u20102 (rhBMP\u20102). Three groups of skeletally mature rats each receive two doses of intravenous zoledronic acid prior to surgery and undergo extraction of the right first mandibular molar with gingival closure. Experimental groups either have the sockets left empty, filled with hydrogel minus rhBMP\u20102, or filled with hydrogel plus rhBMP\u20102. Eight weeks postoperatively specimens are analyzed using radiological, histological, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. \u00b5CT analysis shows increased bone formation with hydrogel\/rhBMP\u20102 delivery compared to the empty socket. Hydrogel\u2010treated groups display increased presence of osteocytes and increased osteoclastic action compared to the empty sockets. These results represent the first step toward improved delivery of rhBMP\u20102 and a potential MRONJ preventative for patients undergoing bisphosphonate treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201900226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T10:50:25Z","timestamp":1569322225000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Investigation of Sustained BMP Delivery in the Prevention of Medication\u2010Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) in a Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8729-0343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary I.","family":"Brierly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology  60 Musk Avenue Kelvin Grove Queensland 4059 Australia"},{"name":"Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital  Butterfield Street Herston Queensland 4006 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiongyu","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology  60 Musk Avenue Kelvin Grove Queensland 4059 Australia"},{"name":"School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology  2 George Street Brisbane Queensland 4001 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology  60 Musk Avenue Kelvin Grove Queensland 4059 Australia"},{"name":"School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology  2 George Street Brisbane Queensland 4001 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siamak","family":"Saifzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology  60 Musk Avenue Kelvin Grove Queensland 4059 Australia"},{"name":"School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology  2 George Street Brisbane Queensland 4001 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Theodoropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology  60 Musk Avenue Kelvin Grove Queensland 4059 Australia"},{"name":"School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology  2 George Street Brisbane Queensland 4001 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail V.","family":"Tsurkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology  60 Musk Avenue Kelvin Grove Queensland 4059 Australia"},{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V. Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials  Hohe Stra\u00dfe 6 01069 Dresden Saxony Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Lynham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology  60 Musk Avenue Kelvin Grove Queensland 4059 Australia"},{"name":"School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology  2 George Street Brisbane Queensland 4001 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology  60 Musk Avenue Kelvin Grove Queensland 4059 Australia"},{"name":"Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital  Butterfield Street Herston Queensland 4006 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Nikolarakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology  60 Musk Avenue Kelvin Grove Queensland 4059 Australia"},{"name":"Gold Coast University Hospital  1 Hospital Boulevard Southport Queensland 4215 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V. Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials  Hohe Stra\u00dfe 6 01069 Dresden Saxony Germany"},{"name":"Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden  Fetscherstra\u00dfe 105 01307 Dresden Saxony Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Woodruff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology  60 Musk Avenue Kelvin Grove Queensland 4059 Australia"},{"name":"School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology  2 George Street Brisbane Queensland 4001 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dietmar W.","family":"Hutmacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology  60 Musk Avenue Kelvin Grove Queensland 4059 Australia"},{"name":"School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology  2 George Street Brisbane Queensland 4001 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura J.","family":"Bray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology  60 Musk Avenue Kelvin Grove Queensland 4059 Australia"},{"name":"School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology  2 George Street Brisbane Queensland 4001 Australia"},{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V. 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