{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:50:12Z","timestamp":1786978212187,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021828","name":"German Academic Exchange Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Section ST21 91652927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Section ST21 91652927"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021828","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Macromolecular Bioscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study focuses on developing hybrid scaffolds incorporating phytotherapeutic agents via a combination of three\u2010dimensional (3D) printing and electrospinning to enhance mechanical properties and provide antibacterial activity, in order to address the limitations of traditional antibiotics. In this regard, 3D\u2010printed polycaprolactone (PCL) struts are first fabricated using fused deposition modeling (FDM). Then, alkaline surface treatment is applied to improve the adhesion of electrospun nanofibers. Finally, peppermint oil (PEP) or clove oil (CLV)\u2010incorporated PCL\u2010gelatin (GEL) electrospun nanofibers are collected on top of the 3D\u2010printed PCL scaffolds by electrospinning. Incorporating PEP or CLV into PCL\u2010GEL electrospun nanofibers enhances the scaffold's layer detachment and adhesion force. In addition, the DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay indicates that incorporating PEP or CLV improves the antioxidant properties of the scaffolds. Further, antibacterial activity results reveal that PEP or CLV incorporated scaffolds exhibit inhibition against\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteria. Moreover, anti\u2010inflammatory assays show that scaffolds reduce the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) released from Raw 264.7 macrophage\u2010like cells. On the other hand, the phytotherapeutic hierarchical scaffolds have no toxic effect on normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells, and PEP or CLV enhance cell attachment and proliferation. Overall, incorporating natural phytotherapeutic agents into hierarchical scaffolds shows promise for advancing wound healing applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202400253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T10:26:29Z","timestamp":1725963989000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Phytotherapeutic Hierarchical PCL\u2010Based Scaffolds as a Multifunctional Wound Dressing: Combining 3D Printing and Electrospinning"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4729-0012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irem","family":"Unalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomaterials Department of Materials Science and Engineering Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University Erlangen\u2010Nuremberg  Cauerstra\u00dfe 6 91058 Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6237-8012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedikt","family":"Slavik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Aroma and Smell Research Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University Erlangen\u2010Nuremberg  Henkestra\u00dfe 9 91054 Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6205-5125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Buettner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Aroma and Smell Research Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University Erlangen\u2010Nuremberg  Henkestra\u00dfe 9 91054 Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7377-2955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldo R.","family":"Boccaccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomaterials Department of Materials Science and Engineering Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University Erlangen\u2010Nuremberg  Cauerstra\u00dfe 6 91058 Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","volume":"86","author":"Tabriz A. G.","year":"2024","journal-title":"From Curr. to Futur. Trends Pharm. Technol."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-022-01115-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"45","volume":"2","author":"Daraei J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Compos. Compd."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"206","volume":"3","author":"Esmaeilzadeh J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Compos. Compd."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2023.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume":"18","author":"S. S","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2022.01.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/polyeng-2021-0059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2024.110902"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e11701"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4636(200105)55:2<203::AID-JBM1007>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.08.089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/12_2022_124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/macromol4010004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnma.202100349"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42765-022-00178-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"2077","volume":"8","author":"Duan H.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2017.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20210093"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"520","volume":"34","author":"Ghomi E. R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Fiber Mater."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3RA07075A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124417"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"0129","volume":"12","author":"Anaya Mancipe J. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. \u2010 Part B Appl. Biomater."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2024.112714"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202309269"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-024-03500-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nwnano.2023.100025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA17718B"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13162584"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2023.110402"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01035-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17030303"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","first-page":"13","volume":"8","author":"Tepe M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Lit. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO00843D"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","first-page":"1819","volume":"55","author":"Safwat G.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","first-page":"317","author":"Omo\u2010Omorodion B. I.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Essent. Oils Food Ind."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2010.0197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines5040112"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","volume":"9","author":"Mellor L. F.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","author":"Unalan I.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11110570"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2019.00346"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.201900986"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c00406"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","unstructured":"Standardization ISO Biological evaluation of medical devices. Part 5: Tests forin vitrocytotoxixty 2009 1."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16010564"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53349-4.00240-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10121387"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13233-012-0056-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11111843"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10965-021-02669-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00706-016-1837-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1023666X.2011.588306"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26540"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2017.07.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2012.0437"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14122331"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app10207294"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02652048.2019.1607596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.Jaganathan M.Mani A. K.\u2010 Polymers 2019 11 586.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11040586"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf203165k"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.04.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am502398u"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c00695"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ab08c2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.04.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobme.2021.100261"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0023-6438(95)80008-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","first-page":"56","volume-title":"Adhes. Adhes. Sci. Technol.","author":"Kinloch A. J.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1687814018792316"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2015.12.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2020.04.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11694-017-9643-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1153\/1\/012124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105789"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","first-page":"1","volume":"31","author":"Gunes S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b06226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2014.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.0c00516"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-6-39"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.0c01546"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.4481"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59931-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24112130"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7251\/QOL1801005M"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2018.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2011.9700480"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO01500K"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2009.05216.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123357"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pen.21982"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-018-0510-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2019.06.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym9050183"}],"container-title":["Macromolecular Bioscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mabi.202400253","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T10:15:34Z","timestamp":1731665734000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mabi.202400253"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mabi.202400253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mabi.202400253","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1616-5187","1616-5195"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1616-5187","type":"print"},{"value":"1616-5195","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2400253"}}