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Biomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO) and poly\u2010L\u2010lactic acid (PLLA) are promising due to their physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. However, the immune response plays a critical role in graft success. In this study, PLLA\/GO scaffolds are implanted in the right antimeres of nine goat mandibles, while the left antimeres are stabilized with titanium plates and serve as controls. Samples are collected at 15\u2010, 45\u2010, and 60\u2010days post\u2010 implantation and examined using histology and immunohistochemistry to assess inflammation, bone organization, and bone\u2013implant integration. At 15 days, hematoxylin and eosin staining show early inflammatory reactions at the PLLA\/GO interface, whereas control samples display regular histological patterns. At 45 days, denser and more compact bone tissue indicate progressive structural organization. By 60 days, the samples present advanced bone maturation and active osteogenesis. Steven's Blue staining confirms mineral deposition, and osteoblast\u2010like cells deposit new matrix at the scaffold\u2013tissue interface. Immunohistochemical detection of osteocalcin and VEGF reveals osteoblastic activity and angiogenesis. These results demonstrate that PLLA\/GO scaffolds promote bone regeneration and integration, supporting their potential for clinical application in mandibular repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202500362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T03:55:57Z","timestamp":1764993357000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunological Evaluation of PLLA\/GO Scaffolds in Goat Mandibular Bone Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7848-8558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thamires","family":"Santos\u2010Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Gon\u00e7alves da Silva 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