{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:21:19Z","timestamp":1783012879463,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRG\/2023\/006884"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRG\/2023\/006884"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Macromolecular Bioscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Antimicrobial resistance is a major global health challenge, and the current gold standards for antibiotic susceptibility testing typically require 16\u201348 h. This study reports bacterial cellulose\u2010based devices for rapid colorimetric antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using two laboratory strains,\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    DH5\u2010\u03b1 and\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The freeze\u2010dried bacterial cellulose substrate, with its nanofibrous structure and high porosity, is evaluated for its ability to accommodate bacterial inoculum, antibiotic, and a halochromic dye. Structural analyses show improved moisture retention compared to filter paper, which tends to dry rapidly. Using this platform, susceptibility to ampicillin and resistance to nalidixic acid become visually distinguishable within a single doubling time. An unsupervised K\u2010means clustering algorithm is employed to segment colorimetric outputs and quantify viability\u2010driven changes in the assay. This study presents freeze\u2010dried bacterial cellulose devices that provide a clear visual distinction between susceptibility and resistance within a single bacterial doubling time.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202500557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T12:35:27Z","timestamp":1768480527000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Freeze\u2010Dried Bacterial Cellulose\u2010Based Point\u2010of\u2010Care Device for Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Chebiyyam","family":"Sarita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Interdisciplinary Programs Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad  Hyderabad Telangana India"},{"name":"Cellulose and Composite Laboratory Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana India"},{"name":"Micro Reaction Engineering Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mudrika","family":"Khandelwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellulose and Composite Laboratory Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhanya","family":"Duraiswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Micro Reaction Engineering Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GLMEDI.2024.100081"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/647952"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CMI.2015.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/NPROT.2007.521"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(13)70318\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/NATURE05058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/NATURE13118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ACSSENSORS.0C02175"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2LC00394E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S13206\u2010019\u20103109\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.1703736114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B804911D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C1LC20545E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BBRC.2016.11.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SNB.2021.129681"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIOS.2020.112008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ACSOMEGA.0C05060"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/AC503968P"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10853\u2010019\u201003737\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","volume-title":"Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Materials","author":"Ullah M. W.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8AY02310G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CARBPOL.2020.116816"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/S41598\u2010022\u201022092\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIOMATERIALS.2005.07.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/PAC\u20102014\u20101117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJBIOMAC.2017.04.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C2NR30260H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.LWT.2024.117259"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2015.1040853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/J.1432\u20101327.2000.01606.X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/S120912347"}],"container-title":["Macromolecular Bioscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mabi.202500557","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mabi.202500557","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mabi.202500557","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T16:46:06Z","timestamp":1783010766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mabi.202500557"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mabi.202500557"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mabi.202500557","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1616-5187","1616-5195"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1616-5187","type":"print"},{"value":"1616-5195","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00557"}}