{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:21:21Z","timestamp":1783012881146,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Macromolecular Bioscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Oral delivery of insulin faces significant challenges due to various barriers present in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to minimal therapeutic outcomes. To overcome these obstacles, chitosan\u2010based nanoparticles modified by\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010valine were designed and subsequently coated with fucoidan (FU) to improve the permeation efficiency through the mucus layer and intestinal epithelium. The insulin\u2010loaded nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), encapsulation efficiency (EE), and loading capacity (LC). The prepared nanoparticles VCS\u2010INS\u2010FU NPs, formed by\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010valine\u2010grafted chitosan (VCS) and fucoidan, can effectively resist the degradation of insulin by digestive enzymes and exhibit a sustained release profile of encapsulated insulin. Mucoadhesion tests revealed that the nanoparticles VCS\u2010INS\u2010FU NPs (INS\/FU 1: 2) had significant mucus permeability. Furthermore, VCS\u2010INS\u2010FU NPs exhibited an enhanced capability for cellular internalization by cellular uptake studies using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). In vivo studies demonstrated that the oral insulin delivery system produced a pronounced and long\u2010lasting hypoglycemia effect in diabetic mice. In conclusion, the muco\u2010inert nanocomplex based on\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010valine\u2010modified chitosan and fucoidan presents a promising platform for effective oral insulin delivery.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202500586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T14:49:56Z","timestamp":1768747796000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Insulin\u2010Loaded Muco\u2010Inert Nanoparticles Based on\n                    <i>L<\/i>\n                    \u2010valine\u2010modified Chitosan and Fucoidan for Enhanced Oral Delivery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4768-744X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changsheng","family":"Gan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Bio\u2010process Ministry of Education School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology  Hefei Anhui P R China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiya","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Bio\u2010process Ministry of Education School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology  Hefei Anhui P R China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Bio\u2010process Ministry of Education School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology  Hefei Anhui P R China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Bio\u2010process Ministry of Education School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology  Hefei Anhui P R China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Dexinjia Biopharm Co., Ltd  Taihe Anhui P R China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honglei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Dexinjia Biopharm Co., Ltd  Taihe Anhui P R China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiji","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Bio\u2010process Ministry of Education School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology  Hefei Anhui P R China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanxun","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Bio\u2010process Ministry of Education School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology  Hefei Anhui P R China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ailing","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Bio\u2010process Ministry of Education School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology  Hefei Anhui P R China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wencheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Bio\u2010process Ministry of Education School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology  Hefei Anhui P R China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-015-0136-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202100275"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201819666220531101203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.02.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c04303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.7b01322"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13040565"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b02879"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2004.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119416"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13100307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.12.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.10.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.125114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14061277"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm0603623"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma10030291"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123418"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.117873"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0BM00577K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.182"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2014.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112858"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.10.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.133805"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202270020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2018.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.53632"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201202503"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.02.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.125263"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.120460"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2015.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2022.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpta.2024.100475"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.10.075"}],"container-title":["Macromolecular Bioscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mabi.202500586","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mabi.202500586","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mabi.202500586","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T16:46:35Z","timestamp":1783010795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mabi.202500586"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mabi.202500586"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mabi.202500586","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1616-5187","1616-5195"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1616-5187","type":"print"},{"value":"1616-5195","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00586"}}