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Using a bioinert backbone enables evaluation of sulfation effects independently of natural GAGs\u2019 carbohydrate backbone. A degree of sulfation above 70% imparted anticoagulant activity, extending plasma coagulation times beyond 500 s at 0.1\u00a0mg mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Controlled self\u2010assembly enabled fabrication and photoimmobilization of uniform, nanometer\u2010thin brushes on polystyrene substrates. The polysulfate brushes exhibited molecular weight\u2010dependent properties: under serum\u2010free conditions, endothelial cells (HUVECs) selectively proliferated on longer\n                    <jats:bold>P2<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2010OSO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010BP (65\u00a0kDa) compared to shorter\n                    <jats:bold>P1<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2010OSO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010BP (15\u00a0kDa) brushes, while smooth muscle cells (SMCs) remained quiescent. Despite comparable VEGF and bFGF surface densities (0.5\u00a0ng cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ),\n                    <jats:bold>P2<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2010OSO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010BP coatings better preserved VEGF bioactivity, likely due to higher chain flexibility. In co\u2010culture under serum conditions (5%), HUVEC\/SMC ratios remained near unity with persistent colocalization, indicating restrained SMC overgrowth and stabilized vascular co\u2010culture relevant to preventing neointimal hyperplasia. These findings highlight synthetic polysulfate brush coatings as a platform for studying sulfation\u2010driven growth factor interactions and vascular cell competition at biomaterial interfaces, promoting reendothelialization in vitro. The system therefore represents a functional mimetic of GAGs, reproducing key electrostatic features while avoiding the structural complexity of native polysaccharides.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.70201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T15:55:56Z","timestamp":1780847756000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fully Synthetic, Biomimicking Polysulfates With Tunable Anticoagulant and Endothelial Cell\u2013Selective Bioactivity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Cosimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry \u2013 Organic Chemistry Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover  Hannover 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