{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:47:53Z","timestamp":1790729273679,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Macromolecular Bioscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Enzyme immobilization is an effective strategy to improve catalyst recovery and operational stability, but conventional approaches are often limited by diffusion resistance, steric hindrance, and insufficient control over the enzyme microenvironment. Hydrogel\u2010based materials are attractive supports because their hydrated, tunable, and porous networks help preserve enzyme conformation while improving substrate diffusion and mass transfer. Here, a gas\u2010shearing microfluidic strategy was developed to fabricate alginate\/chitosan hydrogel microreactors for dual\u2010mode lipase immobilization through entrapment and genipin\u2010mediated covalent binding. By tuning gas\u2010liquid shear, microspheres with controllable and narrow size distribution were generated without surfactants or UV\u2010initiated polymerization. Importantly, genipin was introduced as a mild and biocompatible cross\u2010linker to reinforce the alginate\/chitosan network and create a stable interfacial microenvironment for enzyme immobilization. Compared with conventional cross\u2010linkers, the milder and more controllable reactivity of genipin is advantageous in preserving enzyme conformation and catalytic performance. The resulting microreactors exhibited enhanced catalytic activity, improved storage stability, and good reusability. After five consecutive cycles, the entrapped and covalently immobilized systems retained 70% and 81% of their initial activity, respectively. These results demonstrate that gas\u2010shearing microfluidics combined with genipin\u2010mediated network reinforcement provides a robust and biocompatible platform for constructing hydrogel\u2010based enzymatic microreactors with improved catalytic performance and operational durability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.70238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T09:05:26Z","timestamp":1786266326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gas\u2010Shearing Microfluidic Fabrication of Alginate\/Chitosan Hydrogel Microreactors for Genipin\u2010Mediated Dual\u2010Mode Lipase Immobilization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory For Natural Medicine of Gansu Province Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Lanzhou People's Republic of China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongzhen","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Pharmaceutical Group Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Co., Ltd  Lanzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengfu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory For Natural Medicine of Gansu Province Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Lanzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ningli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory For Natural Medicine of Gansu Province Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Lanzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puzhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine  Zhengzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3857-3800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory For Natural Medicine of Gansu Province Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Lanzhou People's Republic of China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry &amp; New Materials  Qingdao People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3389-5552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingli","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory For Natural Medicine of Gansu Province Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Lanzhou People's Republic of China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry &amp; New Materials  Qingdao People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar000058i"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1088172"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.5b00996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cs400684x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201054259\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202301045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2023.109867"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26434\/chemrxiv\u20102025\u20106vgg9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154545"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2022.110017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/apb.2022.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202201559"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2021.102568"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604\u2010024\u201006186\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010019\u201012089\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.2c00324"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c09226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2020.09.126"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.11.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.153900"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coco.2023.101765"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202500545"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2046\u20103758.123.BJR\u20102022\u20100383.R1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.3c01676"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2017.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2023.109034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.112107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201802342"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.127187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.149650"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.132607"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.1c03760"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924\u2010023\u201002973\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CS00083K"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/catal9121035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202300538"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10121612"}],"container-title":["Macromolecular Bioscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mabi.70238","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mabi.70238","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mabi.70238","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:18:09Z","timestamp":1787836689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mabi.70238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mabi.70238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mabi.70238","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1616-5187","1616-5195"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1616-5187","type":"print"},{"value":"1616-5195","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70238"}}