{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:58:55Z","timestamp":1790780335939,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Macromolecular Bioscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Poor penetration into tumor tissue remains a major barrier to effective nanomedicine delivery, particularly in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Here, nanoparticle transport was computationally studied to rationally design an ultrasmall chemotactic nanomotor that improves penetration into dense tumor tissue. The nanomotor comprises a targeting human heavy\u2010chain ferritin (HFn) nanocage and a catalytic cerium oxide (CeO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) component. Leveraging transferrin receptor\u20111 overexpression on brain microvascular endothelial cells and GBM cells, HFn enables transport across an in vitro blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) model and accumulation in GBM spheroids. The CeO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    domain catalyzes hydrogen peroxide decomposition in the tumor\u2011mimicking microenvironment, generating oxygen and imparting directional propulsion along H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    gradients. In chemotaxis assays, the nanomotors actively migrated toward localized H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    sources and GBM cells embedded in Matrigel. In large U87 spheroids (&gt;400\u00a0\u00b5m), HFn@CeO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanomotors penetrated deeply and distributed throughout the spheroid core, whereas non\u2011propelled HFn nanocarriers remained confined mainly to the periphery. Doxorubicin\u2011loaded nanomotors (HFn@CeO\n                    <jats:sub>2\u2013<\/jats:sub>\n                    DOX) achieved substantially enhanced intratumoral DOX distribution and reduced IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    (0.33\u00a0\u00b5M) compared with HFn\u2013DOX (1.13\u00a0\u00b5M) and free DOX (1.75\u00a0\u00b5M) in GBM spheroids. These results provide a promising basis for future in vivo evaluation in brain tumor therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.70267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:26:57Z","timestamp":1790778417000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ferritin\u2010Based Nanomotors for Deep Glioblastoma Penetration and Enhanced Drug Delivery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0390-254X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruochen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7005-8692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Chamseddine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Mass General Brigham Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9643-5452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingjing","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4516-3025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiren","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas United States"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas United States"},{"name":"Department of Industrial Systems and Engineering Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz150"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043330","article-title":"Radiotherapy plus Concomitant and Adjuvant Temozolomide for Glioblastoma","volume":"352","author":"Stupp R.","year":"2005","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611977","article-title":"Short\u2010course Radiation plus Temozolomide in Elderly Patients With Glioblastoma","volume":"376","author":"Perry J. 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