{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T04:03:52Z","timestamp":1788840232341,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,11]],"date-time":"2022-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22161132010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22161132010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22075060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22075060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22171057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22171057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Macromol. Rapid Commun."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a type of crystalline porous polymers that possess ordered structures and eternal pores. Because of their unique structural characteristics and diverse functional groups, COFs have been used in various application fields, such as adsorption, catalysis, separation, ion conduction, and energy storage. Among COFs, the fluorine\u2010containing COFs (fCOFs) have been developed for special applications by virtue of special physical and chemical properties resulting from fluorine element, which is a nonmetallic halogen element and possesses strong electronegativity. In the organic chemistry field, introducing fluorine into chemicals enables those chemicals to exhibit many interesting properties, and fluorine chemistry increasingly plays an important role in the history of chemical development. The introduction of fluorine in COFs can enhance the crystallinity, porosity, and stability of COFs, making COFs having superior performances and some new applications. In this review, the synthesis and application of fCOFs are systematically summarized. The application involves photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide, photocatalytic water splitting, electrocatalytic CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reduction, adsorption for different substances (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, pesticides, per\u2010\/polyfluoroalkyl substances, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, bisphenols, and positively charged organic dye molecules), oil\u2212water separation, energy storage (e.g., zinc\u2010ion batteries, lithium\u2212sulfur batteries), and proton conduction. Perspectives of remaining challenges and possible directions for fCOFs are also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.202200778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T01:59:27Z","timestamp":1668995967000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Fluorine\u2010Containing Covalent Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Application"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Wen\u2010Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Hebei Province College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Yanshan University  Qinhuangdao 066004 China"},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology  Beijing 100190 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan\u2010Zhe","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology  Beijing 100190 China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100049 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong\u2010Hui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology  Beijing 100190 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Wen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Hebei Province College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Yanshan University  Qinhuangdao 066004 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1116-1259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bao\u2010Hang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology  Beijing 100190 China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100049 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja9015765"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cs35157a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1120411"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201904291"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CS00878F"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.5b00369"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C2CS35072F"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1139915"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.2352"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b14671"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"121","volume":"306","author":"Cheng Y.\u2010Z.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Catal B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b10316"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201916360"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b13490"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja502212v"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b06640"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202210507"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.2c01385"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"2101","volume":"34","author":"She P.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b02648"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201901478"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201904199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smm2.1115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0cs00221f"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B711844A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-4020(96)00749-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.19970030115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b15027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja3100319"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","first-page":"148","volume":"537","author":"Liu C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","volume":"61","author":"Wang H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1542"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","first-page":"1909","volume":"30","author":"Li Z.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","first-page":"106","volume":"92","author":"Zhao G.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","volume":"61","author":"Qiu X.\u2010F.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201700412"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CE00598A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1MH00809A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","first-page":"2357","volume":"39","author":"Chen Q.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. J. Chinese U."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201801649"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","volume":"61","author":"Liu Y.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c06474"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","volume":"61","author":"Yu C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b17319"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TA07708A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.08.184"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CS00887K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja9015765"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b04008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja206846p"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b07714"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b03352"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202001070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202109342"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac500508t"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie501210j"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TA03698A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja308278w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA06214A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.15699"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201802564"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2019.460773"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2020.461197"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.121651"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2022.121195"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2022.462864"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c15869"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42114-021-00241-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c03983"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.9b02917"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm0623918"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2008.07.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c12499"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201405785"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.01.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.202000872"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar300179v"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201405115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201700260"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2018.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201710025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202002932"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2018.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b14213"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-018-0063-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","first-page":"2003","volume":"11","author":"Yi Z.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9EE03545A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202003021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26947-9"}],"container-title":["Macromolecular Rapid Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/marc.202200778","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/marc.202200778","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/marc.202200778","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T08:38:16Z","timestamp":1692434296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/marc.202200778"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,11]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/marc.202200778"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/marc.202200778","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1022-1336","1521-3927"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1022-1336","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-3927","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2200778"}}