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Rapid Commun."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Excessive swelling is one important factor that leads to high fuel permeability and limited operating concentration of methanol for proton exchange membranes. Herein, a collaborative strategy of main\u2010chain and molecular\u2010network engineering is applied to lower swelling ratio and improve methanol resistance for highly sulfonated polyimide. Two <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\u2010phenylenediamine monomers (4\u2010(2,3,5,6\u2010tetrafluoro\u20104\u2010vinylphenoxy)benzene\u20101,3\u2010diamine and 4,6\u2010bis(2,3,5,6\u2010tetrafluoro\u20104\u2010vinylphenoxy)benzene\u20101,3\u2010diamine) with tetrafluorostyrol groups are designed and synthesized. Two series of cross\u2010linked sulfonated polyimides (CSPI\u2010Ts, CSPI\u2010Bs) are prepared from the two diamines, 4,4\u2032\u2010diaminostilbene\u20102,2\u2032\u2010disulfonic acid and 1,4,5,8\u2010naphthalenetetracarboxylicdianhydride. The rigid main\u2010chain structure is cornerstone for wet CSPI\u2010Ts and CSPI\u2010Bs remaining stable at elevated temperatures. The introduction of hydrophobic cross\u2010linked network further improves their dimensional stability and methanol resistance. CSPI\u2010Ts and CSPI\u2010Bs show obviously improved performances containing high proton conductivity (121 \u00b1 0.27\u2013158 \u00b1 0.35 S cm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), low swelling ratio (9.6 \u00b1 0.40%\u201316.1 \u00b1 0.01%) and methanol permeability (4.14\u20137.69 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) at 80\u00a0\u00b0C. The direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is assembled from CSPI\u2010T\u201010 with balanced properties, and it exhibits high maximum power density (PD<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) of 82.3 and 72.6\u00a0mW cm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> in 2 and 10\u00a0<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> methanol solution, respectively. The ratio of PD<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> in 10\u00a0<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> methanol solution to the value in 2\u00a0<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> methanol solution is as high as 88%. The CSPI\u2010T\u201010 is promising proton exchange membrane candidate for DMFC application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.202300502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T04:40:23Z","timestamp":1700800823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sulfonated Polyimide Membranes Constructed by Main\u2010Chain and Molecular\u2010Network Engineering Strategy for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Hang","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Jilin University  Qianjin Street 2699 Changchun 130012 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Jilin University  Qianjin Street 2699 Changchun 130012 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Jilin University  Qianjin Street 2699 Changchun 130012 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Jilin University  Qianjin Street 2699 Changchun 130012 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengju","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou High\u2010tech Zone Institute for Energy Technology Co., Ltd  Hongyuan Road 8 Guangzhou 510700 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanbo","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Jilin University  Qianjin Street 2699 Changchun 130012 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengji","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Jilin University  Qianjin Street 2699 Changchun 130012 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaowei","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Jilin University  Qianjin Street 2699 Changchun 130012 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2927-9191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongyan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Jilin University  Qianjin Street 2699 Changchun 130012 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2019.117435"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-018-0097-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.6b00629"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00586"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2011.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2011.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2016.10.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.8b00301"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b03452"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2017.10.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2019.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2021.120116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2014.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4PY01694G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6PY00637J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2016.09.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2007.03.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.matsci.33.022702.154657"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3PY01350B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2020.228982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2015.04.174"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NJ00958E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1700580"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2023.126035"}],"container-title":["Macromolecular Rapid Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/marc.202300502","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T13:26:37Z","timestamp":1708435597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/marc.202300502"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/marc.202300502"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/marc.202300502","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1022-1336","1521-3927"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1022-1336","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-3927","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2300502"}}