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Rapid Commun."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Owing the complex anatomy and multiple physiological barriers, delivering drugs to the posterior segment of the eye remains challenging. While intravitreal injection can improve drug delivery, the diffusion of therapeutics through the vitreous humor and their uptake by the retina remain limited due to the anionic nature of the vitreous humor, attributed to its collagen and glycosaminoglycan content. Poly(solketal acrylate)\u2010based nanoparticles (PSA\u2010NPs) were developed via single\u2010emulsion solvent evaporation and nanoprecipitation techniques and loaded with Nile red (NR\u2010PSA\u2010NPs) as a hydrophobic drug model, enabling in vitro and ex vivo tracking via fluorescence microscopy. These NPs exhibit a neutral to negative surface charge, enhancing their distribution through the vitreous humor. Evaluating these NPs for drug delivery, cytotoxicity studies using retinal cells confirmed their excellent nontoxic profiles. Additionally, fluorescence microscopy and FACS analysis revealed a significant increase in the uptake of NR\u2010PSA\u2010NPs in ARPE\u201019 cells (human retinal pigment epithelial cell line) compared to that of free dye. Moreover, incubation of NR\u2010PSA\u2010NPs with retinal organ cultures and their intravitreal injection into whole porcine eyes showed red fluorescence across all retinal layers, confirming successful uptake, distribution, and widespread retinal penetration, making these NPs promising carriers for delivering hydrophobic drugs to the posterior eye segment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.202500788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T05:14:17Z","timestamp":1765602857000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ex Vivo Evaluation of Poly(Solketal Acrylate) Nanoparticles for Intravitreal Drug Delivery to the Posterior Eye Segment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6436-4091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasaman","family":"Pourdakheli Hamedani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Translational Research in Ophthalmology Center for Ophthalmology University Eye Hospital T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8697-2569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Hurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Translational Research in Ophthalmology Center for Ophthalmology University Eye Hospital T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3670-7564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malte","family":"Ritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology University Hospital Tuebingen  Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0507-9509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Weingarten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry TUM School of Natural Sciences Technical University of Munich  Garching bei M\u00fcnchen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4399-2324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Skokowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology University Hospital Tuebingen  Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2385-5517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Schnichels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Translational Research in Ophthalmology Center for Ophthalmology University Eye Hospital T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4362-0387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Friederike","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Translational Research in Ophthalmology Center for Ophthalmology University Eye Hospital T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry TUM School of Natural Sciences Technical University of Munich  Garching bei M\u00fcnchen Germany"},{"name":"Chair of Macromolecular Materials and Fiber Chemistry Institute of Polymer Chemistry University of Stuttgart  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.3.1.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2013.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816222-4.00010-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16081140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"961","article-title":"Drug Delivery for Posterior Segment Eye Disease","volume":"41","author":"Geroski D. 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