{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:07:52Z","timestamp":1789999672168,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22234002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22234002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20232007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20232007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Macromol. Rapid Commun."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, its clinical efficacy is still constrained by tumor heterogeneity, acquired drug resistance, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Traditional apoptosis\u2010driven cancer therapeutic strategies are often inefficient and immunologically silent. In contrast, non\u2010apoptotic programmed cell death (PCD) pathways (ferroptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and cuproptosis) offer high immunogenicity and the ability to bypass resistance mechanisms, yet their clinical application is limited by poor tumor specificity, off\u2010target toxicity, and delivery inefficiency. Peptide self\u2011assembly technology has emerged as a powerful platform to address these challenges, enabling enzyme\u2011responsive morphological transformation, multivalent target binding, subcellular localization, multifunctional co\u2011assembly, and artificial enzyme mimicry for precise PCD induction. Despite significant progress, a systematic classification of how peptide assemblies trigger distinct PCD pathways is still lacking. This review categorizes peptide self\u2011assembly\u2011induced tumor cell death into five major themes, including ferroptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, cuproptosis, and combined death. By summarizing the design principles, key evidence, and anti\u2011tumor outcomes, this review highlights the unique advantages of peptide self\u2011assembly. It provides a theoretical foundation for developing peptide\u2011based precision cancer therapies and aims to guide future research toward clinical translation and personalized treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.70400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T11:01:03Z","timestamp":1786186863000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Peptide Self\u2010Assembly for Enhanced Cancer Therapy via Immunogenic Programmed Cell Death: Ferroptosis, Pyroptosis, Necroptosis, and Cuproptosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Shasha","family":"Ning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinruo","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Shengjing Hospital China Medical University  Shenyang Liaoning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun\u2010Kai","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai\u2010Dong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8459-8049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guowei","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1120-3623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianbao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6159-9999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaolin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2013.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2009.356"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010pathmechdis\u2010051222\u2010115023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589\u2010022\u201001249\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202311733"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580\u2010020\u201000324\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmm2.70080"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392\u2010021\u201000507\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326\u20106066.Cir\u201020\u20100525"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010020\u20102079\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1082165"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568\u2010024\u201000674\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf0529"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422\u2010022\u201000653\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571\u2010024\u201000876\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201044665\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/Ijn.S499192"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276\u2010022\u201000868\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202402397"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565\u2010019\u20100626\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.113895"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c02612"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202421703"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.4c01112"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202509924"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c02362"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2026.114829"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c17134"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202415735"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202314578"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202103507"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c12123"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c04625"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.101688"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202422874"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5c01098"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b12368"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c6cc02282k"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202307679"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2025.139050"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201601400"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.5c01435"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2025.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5tb00700c"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202401787"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202000416"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c03748"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202406602"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202306427"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c06634"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c10255"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celbio.2025.100184"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.2c00597"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202409790"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568\u2010022\u201000459\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556\u2010022\u201000921\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018\u2010022\u201000355\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578\u2010023\u201000589\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c09139"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580\u2010025\u201000837\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422\u2010025\u201001107\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943\u2010025\u201002344\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18629"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18590"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22393"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz7548"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556\u2010020\u20100575\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33390"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008\u20105472.Can\u201006\u20102956"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aax7969"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565\u2010025\u201001857\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c08932"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1408987111"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad3099"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.10.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201017549\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008\u20105472.Can\u201020\u20100471"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.240523"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmm2.70029"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202213922"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.152323"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2019.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.12.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201814552"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570\u2010022\u201000373\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.3c00542"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmm2.70051"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c13189"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.2187"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12645\u2010023\u201000234\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202415078"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1082165"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584\u2010022\u201000841\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5md00630a"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c13182"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307\u2010026\u201002090\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmm2.12079"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.73503"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.109515"}],"container-title":["Macromolecular Rapid Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/marc.70400","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/marc.70400","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/marc.70400","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:18:54Z","timestamp":1789996734000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/marc.70400"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/marc.70400"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/marc.70400","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1022-1336","1521-3927"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1022-1336","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-3927","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70400"}}