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Thus, most studies on identifying and characterizing carbapenem\u2010resistant bacteria (CRB) have focused on clinical settings. Relatively, little is still known about the distribution and characteristics of CRBs in the environment, and the role of soil as a potential reservoir of CRB in the United States remains unknown. Here, we have surveyed 11 soil samples from 9 different urban or agricultural locations in the Los Angeles\u2013Southern California area to determine the prevalence and characteristics of CRB in these soils. All samples tested contained CRB with a frequency of &lt;10 to 1.3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\u00a0cfu per gram of soil, with most agricultural soil samples having a much higher relative frequency of CRB than urban soil samples. Identification and characterization of 40 CRB from these soil samples revealed that most of them were members of the genera <jats:italic>Cupriavidus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Stenotrophomonas.<\/jats:italic> Other less prevalent genera identified among our isolated CRB, especially from agricultural soils, included the genera <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bradyrhizobium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Achromobacter,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Planomicrobium<\/jats:italic>. Interestingly, all of these carbapenem\u2010resistant isolates were also intermediate or resistant to at least 1 noncarbapenem antibiotic. Further characterization of our isolated CRB revealed that 11 <jats:italic>Stenotrophomonas<\/jats:italic>, 3 <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>, 1 <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>, and 1 <jats:italic>Bradyrhizobium<\/jats:italic> isolates were carbapenemase producers. Our findings show for the first time that both urban and agricultural soils in Southern California are an underappreciated reservoir of bacteria resistant to carbapenems and other antibiotics, including carbapenemase\u2010producing CRB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.1034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,4]],"date-time":"2020-04-04T05:37:02Z","timestamp":1585978622000},"page":"1247-1263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Urban and agricultural soils in Southern California are a reservoir of carbapenem\u2010resistant bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Nicolas V.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology California State University Northridge Northridge CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron J.","family":"Farsar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology California State University Northridge Northridge CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0788-047X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana E.","family":"Harmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology California State University Northridge Northridge CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0039-5180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology California State University Northridge Northridge CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33535-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0807.010264"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1102.030684"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","volume-title":"Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology","author":"Bergey D. 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