{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:24:39Z","timestamp":1790727879001,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 116 <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic> isolates comprising <jats:italic>V.\u00a0alginolyticus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a053), <jats:italic>V.\u00a0metschnikovii<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a038), <jats:italic>V.\u00a0anguillarum<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a021)<jats:italic>, V.\u00a0antiquarius<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02), and <jats:italic>V.\u00a0fujianensis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02) were obtained from seawater, fish, or bivalve molluscs from temperate Oceanic and Polar Oceanic area around Norway. Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed resistance or reduced susceptibility to ampicillin (74%), oxolinic acid (33%), imipenem (21%), aztreonam (19%), and tobramycin (17%). Whole\u2010genome sequence analysis of eighteen drug\u2010resistant isolates revealed the presence of genes like \u03b2\u2010lactamases, chloramphenicol\u2010acetyltransferases, and genes conferring tetracycline and quinolone resistance. The strains also carried virulence genes like <jats:italic>hly<\/jats:italic>A, <jats:italic>tlh<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>rtx<\/jats:italic>A to D and <jats:italic>ace<\/jats:italic>A, E and F. The genes for cholerae toxin (<jats:italic>ctx<\/jats:italic>), thermostable direct hemolysin (<jats:italic>tdh<\/jats:italic>), or zonula occludens toxin (<jats:italic>zot<\/jats:italic>) were not detected in any of the isolates. The present study shows low prevalence of multidrug resistance and absence of virulence genes of high global concern among environmental vibrios in Norway. However, in the light of climate change, and projected rising sea surface temperatures, even in the cold temperate areas, there is a need for frequent monitoring of resistance and virulence in vibrios to be prepared for future public health challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.1093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T06:45:26Z","timestamp":1592462726000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Vibrios from the Norwegian marine environment: Characterization of associated antibiotic resistance and virulence genes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Fredrik","family":"H\u00e5konsholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rn Tore","family":"Lunestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Roberto","family":"Aguirre S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo (CIAD) Culiac\u00e1n Sinaloa Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6219-0418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Martinez\u2010Urtaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Microbiology Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2955-3402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nachiket Prakash","family":"Marathe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0592-3811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilie Smith","family":"Svanevik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2007.03445.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120201487"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-75"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0005-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2207.151996"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00799-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.4.3058-3061.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2007.02195.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2014.10.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28326-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00047-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","volume-title":"CLSI document M42\u2010A","author":"CLSI","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"2014 CLSI Wayne PA CLSI Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria isolated from aquatic animals; second informational supplement"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","author":"CLSI","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfs.12490"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2009.04647.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1605(95)00015-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00594-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2011.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","volume-title":"Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016 an indicator\u2010based report","author":"EEA","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0463.2001.d01-148.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2016.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.002642"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1407.080132"},{"issue":"651","key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","article-title":"An innovative method for rapid identification and detection of Vibrio alginolyticus in different infection models","volume":"7","author":"Fu K.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5MD00344J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2012.01427.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.02.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2310.161625"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance in environmental strains of Vibrio alginolyticus","volume":"19","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010Robles M. F.","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0184255","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184255","article-title":"The Vibrio cholerae var regulon encodes a metallo\u2010\u03b2\u2010lactamase and an antibiotic efflux pump, which are regulated by VarR, a LysR\u2010type transcription factor","volume":"12","author":"Hong\u2010Ting Victor L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","first-page":"Unit6A.5","article-title":"Detection, isolation, and identification of Vibrio cholerae from the environment","volume":"6","author":"Huq A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Protocols in Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aah.10045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.120181"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00059-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.059774-0"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a027029","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a027029","article-title":"Aminoglycosides: An overview","volume":"6","author":"Krause K. M.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-009-9524-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02513"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00735"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkj079"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-326X(99)00062-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1520300113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0184255","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184255","article-title":"The Vibrio cholerae var regulon encodes a metallo\u2010\u03b2\u2010lactamase and an antibiotic efflux pump, which are regulated by VarR, a LysR\u2010type transcription factor","volume":"12","author":"Lin H.\u2010T.\u2010V.","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.10.4909-4911.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1080"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652008000500012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02812-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02511"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2006.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.56.4.954-960.1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-148-4-1233"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.11.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","volume-title":"etection and enumeration in foods","author":"NMKL","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2012.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","unstructured":"NORM\/NORM\u2010VET(2018).NORM\/NORM\u2010VET: usage of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in Norway. NORM\/NORM\u2010VET: usage of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in Norway."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1503928112"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.12.5654-5659.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-13-161"},{"issue":"2248","key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","article-title":"Accessory toxins of Vibrio pathogens and their role in epithelial disruption during infection","volume":"9","author":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Reytor D.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","article-title":"Plasmid\u2010Mediated Quinolone Resistance; Interactions between Human, Animal, and Environmental Ecologies","volume":"3","author":"Poirel L.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki371"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","volume-title":"DNeasy\u00ae Blood & Tissue Handbook","author":"Quiagen","year":"2006"},{"issue":"805","key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","article-title":"Roles of thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH\u2010related hemolysin (TRH) in Vibrio parahaemolyticus","volume":"5","author":"Raghunath P.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky467"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02613"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fix113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6AN00131A"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","first-page":"329","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance of Vibrio species isolated from Sparus aurata reared in Italian mariculture","volume":"37","author":"Scarano C","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsre.2004.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6734a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/1997\/756754"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2004.apm11211-1208.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw569"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0524-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.280115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-012-0163-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.VE-0004-2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2005.00052.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1110.050177"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0959-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2007.00095.x"}],"container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmbo3.1093","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mbo3.1093","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mbo3.1093","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mbo3.1093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T14:21:05Z","timestamp":1693923665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mbo3.1093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mbo3.1093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mbo3.1093","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-8827","2045-8827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-8827","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-8827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-02-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e1093"}}