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We previously showed germ\u2010free Gpx1\/2\u2010DKO mice of mixed B6.129 background did not develop ileocolitis. Here, we examine the composition of the ileitis provoking microbiota in B6 Gpx1\/2\u2010DKO mice. DNA was isolated from the ileum fecal stream and subjected to high\u2010throughput sequencing of the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene to determine the abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). We analyzed the role of bacteria by comparing the microbiomes of the DKO and pathology\u2010free non\u2010DKO mice. Mice were treated with metronidazole, streptomycin, and vancomycin to alter pathology and correlate the OTU abundances with pathology levels. Principal component analysis based on Jaccard distance of abundance showed 3 distinct outcomes relative to the source Gpx1\/2\u2010DKO microbiome. Association analyses of pathology and abundance of OTUs served to rule out 7\u201311 of 24 OTUs for involvement in the ileitis. Collections of OTUs were identified that appeared to be linked to ileitis in this animal model and would be classified as commensals. In Gpx1\/2\u2010DKO mice, host oxidant generation from NOX1 and DUOX2 in response to commensals may compromise the ileum epithelial barrier, a role generally ascribed to oxidants generated from mitochondria, NOX2 and endoplasmic reticulum stress in response to presumptive pathogens in IBD. Elevated oxidant levels may contribute to epithelial cell shedding, which is strongly associated with progress toward inflammation in Gpx1\/2\u2010DKO mice and predictive of relapse in IBD by allowing leakage of microbial components into the submucosa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.1107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T19:53:09Z","timestamp":1597780389000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Role of the microbiota in ileitis of a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease\u2014Glutathione peroxide isoenzymes 1 and 2\u2010double knockout mice on a C57BL background"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0894-3033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fong\u2010Fong","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4111-3349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. Steven","family":"Esworthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Beckman Research Institute City of Hope Duarte CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4408-407X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binghui","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Beckman Research Institute City of Hope Duarte CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4463-1790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James H.","family":"Doroshow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer Research and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12599"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2013.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01484"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07416"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00302-8_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)53812-6","article-title":"Expression, characterization, and tissue distribution of a new cellular selenium\u2010dependent glutathione peroxidase, GSHPx\u2010GI","volume":"268","author":"Chu F. 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