{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T21:14:45Z","timestamp":1784322885492,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014205","name":"National Dairy Industry and Technology System","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CARS\u201036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS\u201036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014205","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011364","name":"National Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\u20102020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\u20102020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011364","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The gut microbiota plays multiple critical roles in maintaining the health of the host, especially in ruminants. However, our understanding of the establishment of gut microbiota from birth to adulthood is still limited. To address this, the bacterial ecology of the rumen, abomasum, duodenum, and rectum in Holstein cows ranging in age from 1\u00a0week to 5\u00a0years old was investigated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in this study. A major change in the composition, diversity, and abundance of bacteria was observed with increased age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Microbiota gradually matured in each gut segment and followed the Gompertz model when the Chao1, Shannon, and maturity indexes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.94) were applied. Importantly, the Gompertz model parameter differed between the gut segments, with the highest microbiota growth rate found in the rectum, followed by the rumen, abomasum, and duodenum. Compared to older animals, greater microbiota similarities were found in the adjacent gut segments of younger animals (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Our findings indicate that gut microbiotas are established quickly when cows are young and then slow with age and that early in life, hindgut microbiota may be more easily affected by the foregut microbiota.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.1119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T08:31:49Z","timestamp":1602232309000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Dynamic change of the gastrointestinal bacterial ecology in cows from birth to adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Chun Y.","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Shihezi University  Shihezi China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Jinzhong Vocational and Technical College  Jinzhong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5641-1656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shou K.","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University  Beijing China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural University  Baoding China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University  Beijing China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural University  Baoding China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya J.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing J.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi J.","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong J.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen J.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Shihezi University  Shihezi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng L.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177486"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.02.013","article-title":"Characterizing the microbiota across the gastrointestinal tract of a Brazilian Nelore steer","volume":"164","author":"Oliveira M. 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