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Here, we characterized carotenoid biosynthetic genes of the plant\u2010pathogenic bacterium <jats:italic>Pantoea ananatis<\/jats:italic>, which carries a carotenoid biosynthetic gene cluster (including <jats:italic>crtE<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>) on a plasmid. Reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR) analysis revealed that the <jats:italic>crtEXYIB<\/jats:italic> gene cluster is transcribed as a single transcript and <jats:italic>crtZ<\/jats:italic> is independently transcribed in the opposite direction. Using splicing by overlap extension with polymerase chain reaction (SOE by PCR) based on asymmetric amplification, we reassembled <jats:italic>crtE<\/jats:italic>\u2013<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>crtE<\/jats:italic>\u2013<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u2013<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>crtE<\/jats:italic>\u2013<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u2013<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\u2013<jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic>. High\u2010performance liquid chromatography confirmed that <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> expressing the reassembled <jats:italic>crtE<\/jats:italic>\u2013<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>crtE<\/jats:italic>\u2013<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u2013<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>crtE<\/jats:italic>\u2013<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u2013<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\u2013<jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic> operons produced phytoene, lycopene, and \u03b2\u2010carotene, respectively. We found that the carotenoids conferred tolerance to UV radiation and toxoflavin. <jats:italic>Pantoea ananatis<\/jats:italic> shares rice environments with the toxoflavin producer <jats:italic>Burkholderia glumae<\/jats:italic> and is considered to be the first reported example of producing and using carotenoids to withstand toxoflavin. We confirmed that carotenoid production by <jats:italic>P. ananatis<\/jats:italic> depends on RpoS, which is positively regulated by Hfq\/ArcZ and negatively regulated by ClpP, similar to an important regulatory network of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> (Hfq<jats:sup>ArcZ<\/jats:sup> \u2192RpoS \u0370 ClpXP). We also demonstrated that Hfq\u2010controlled quorum signaling de\u2010represses EanR to activate RpoS, thereby initiating carotenoid production. Survival genes such as those responsible for the production of carotenoids of the plant\u2010pathogenic <jats:italic>P. ananatis<\/jats:italic> must be expressed promptly to overcome stressful environments and compete with other microorganisms. This mechanism is likely maintained by a brake with excellent performance, such as EanR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.1143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T02:32:37Z","timestamp":1606962757000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["<i>Pantoea ananatis<\/i> carotenoid production confers toxoflavin tolerance and is regulated by Hfq\u2010controlled quorum sensing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Okhee","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National University  Jinju Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byeongsam","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Science Gyeongsang National University  Jinju Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongsang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Science Gyeongsang National University  Jinju Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeyeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Medicine Gyeongsang National University  Jinju Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1104-8088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinwoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National University  Jinju Korea"},{"name":"Division of Applied Life Science Gyeongsang National University  Jinju Korea"},{"name":"Department of Plant Medicine Gyeongsang National University  Jinju Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2007.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/rna.19975"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.17.5000-5008.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.7469"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2010.00241.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2007.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.13.3763-3770.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2010.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54568-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5423\/PPJ.DR.08.2011.0150"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.06450-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2009.00542.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.9.4393-4395.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04142.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00457-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2005.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00406383"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-12-15-0340-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/327452"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13036-019-0196-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05413.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2009.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.50.1.727"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt651"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12235"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0393-266"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/sqb.2006.71.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5451.241"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/16.15.7351"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(89)90358-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","first-page":"528","article-title":"Gene splicing by overlap extension: tailor\u2010made genes using the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"54","author":"Horton R. 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