{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:06:02Z","timestamp":1790960762546,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The healthy vaginal microbiota is dominated by\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., which provide an important critical line of defense against pathogens, as well as giving beneficial effects to the host. We characterized\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>gasseri<\/jats:italic>\n                    1A\u2010TV,\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>fermentum<\/jats:italic>\n                    18A\u2010TV, and\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>crispatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    35A\u2010TV, from the vaginal microbiota of healthy premenopausal women, for their potential probiotic activities. The antimicrobial effects of the 3 strains and their combination against clinical urogenital bacteria were evaluated together with the activities of their metabolites produced by cell\u2010free supernatants (CFSs). Their beneficial properties in terms of ability to interfere with vaginal pathogens (co\u2010aggregation, adhesion to HeLa cells, biofilm formation) and antimicrobial activity mediated by CFSs were assessed against multidrug urogenital pathogens (\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , KPC\u2010producing\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    VRE,\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). The\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacilli<\/jats:italic>\n                    tested exhibited an extraordinary ability to interfere and co\u2010aggregate with urogenital pathogens, except for\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., as well as to adhere to HeLa cells and to produce biofilm in the\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    combination.\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    CFSs and their combination revealed a strong bactericidal effect on the multidrug resistant indicator strains tested, except for\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The antimicrobial activity was maintained after heat treatment but decreased after enzymatic treatment. All\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacilli<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed lactic dehydrogenase activity and production of D\u2010 and L\u2010lactic acid isomers on\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    CFSs, while only 1A\u2010TV and 35A\u2010TV released hydrogen peroxide and carried\n                    <jats:italic>helveticin<\/jats:italic>\n                    J and\n                    <jats:italic>acidocin<\/jats:italic>\n                    A bacteriocins. These results suggest that they can be employed as a new vaginal probiotic formulation and bio\u2010therapeutic preparation against urogenital infections. Further, in vivo studies are needed to evaluate human health benefits in clinical situations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.1173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T08:15:20Z","timestamp":1617956120000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Antimicrobial properties of\n                    <i>Lactobacillus<\/i>\n                    cell\u2010free supernatants against multidrug\u2010resistant urogenital pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"Scillato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Microbiology Section University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambra","family":"Spitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Microbiology Section University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gino","family":"Mongelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Microbiology Section University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grete Francesca","family":"Privitera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Microbiology Section University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Mangano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences Oncologic, Clinical, and General Pathology Section University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Cianci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Medical\u2010Surgical Specialties University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Stefani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Microbiology Section University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1491-4973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Santagati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Microbiology Section University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Uropathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns: Relationship with urinary tract infections","volume":"13","author":"Ahmed S. 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