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In this study, we isolated four <jats:italic>Prolixibacter<\/jats:italic> strains, which belong to the phylum <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic>, and examined their nitrate respiration\u2010 and Fe<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>\u2010corroding activities, together with two previously isolated <jats:italic>Prolixibacter<\/jats:italic> strains. Four of the six <jats:italic>Prolixibacter<\/jats:italic> strains reduced nitrate under anaerobic conditions, while the other two strains did not. The anaerobic growth of the four nitrate\u2010reducing strains was enhanced by nitrate, which was not observed in the two strains unable to reduce nitrate. When the nitrate\u2010reducing strains were grown anaerobically in the presence of Fe<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup> or carbon steel, the corrosion of the materials was enhanced by more than 20\u2010fold compared to that in aseptic controls. This enhancement was not observed in cultures of the strains unable to reduce nitrate. The oxidation of Fe<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup> in the anaerobic cultures of nitrate\u2010reducing strains occurred concomitantly with the formation of nitrite. Since nitrite chemically oxidized Fe<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup> under anaerobic and aseptic conditions, the corrosion of Fe<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>\u2010 and carbon steel by the nitrate\u2010reducing <jats:italic>Prolixibacter<\/jats:italic> strains was deduced to be mainly enhanced via the biological reduction of nitrate to nitrite, followed by the chemical oxidation of Fe<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup> to Fe<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> and Fe<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup> coupled to the reduction of nitrite.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.1225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T04:12:14Z","timestamp":1629173534000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Nitrite as a causal factor for nitrate\u2010dependent anaerobic corrosion of metallic iron induced by <i>Prolixibacter<\/i> strains"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7659-8788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takao","family":"Iino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Collection of Microorganisms (JCM) RIKEN BioResource Research Center (RIKEN\u2010BRC) Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Shono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biofunctional Catalyst Research Team Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN Wako Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimio","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resource and Process Solution Division Mineral Resources Department Nippon Steel Technology Co., Ltd. Futtsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuhei","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biofunctional Catalyst Research Team Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN Wako Japan"},{"name":"Earth\u2010Life Science Institute (ELSI) Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro\u2010ku Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Sueoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Research Laboratory Advanced Technology Research Laboratories Nippon Steel Co., Ltd. Futtsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeaki","family":"Harayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Chuo University Bunkyo\u2010ku Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moriya","family":"Ohkuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Collection of Microorganisms (JCM) RIKEN BioResource Research Center (RIKEN\u2010BRC) Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es011000h"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2015.03.184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.237.4814.509"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-2920.2003.00527.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aao5682"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02321"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02848-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2012.02778.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/109287504773087381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01123-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.64296-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03741-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.012484-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.000343"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"Saccharides glucose as a potential corrosion inhibition for mild steel in seawater","volume":"2","author":"Isa M. 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