{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T22:56:39Z","timestamp":1762642599450,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013543","name":"European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Small Grant Award 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Small Grant Award 2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI18CIII\/00372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18CIII\/00372"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize the <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> strains colonizing healthy Spanish children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between March and July 2018, 1876 Spanish children younger than 14\u00a0years attending primary healthcare centers were recruited from rural and urban areas. <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> colonization of the anterior nostrils was analyzed. MecA and mecC genes, antibiotic susceptibility, and genotyping according to the spa were determined in all strains, and the following toxins were examined: Panton\u2010Valentine leucocidin (pvl), toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst), and exfoliative toxins (eta, etb, etd). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) typing were performed on methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA) strains, as well as pulsed\u2010field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>619\u00a0strains were isolated in 1876 children (33%), and 92% of them were sent for characterization to the Spanish National Centre of Microbiology (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0572). Twenty (3.5%) of these strains were mecA\u2010positive. Several spa types were detected among MRSA, being t002 the most frequently observed (30%), associating with SCCmec IVc. Among MSSA, 33% were positive for tst, while only 0.73% were positive for pvl. The 20\u00a0MRSA strains were negative for pvl, and 6 (30%) harbored the tst gene.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> nasal colonization in Spanish children is rare, with t002 being the most observed spa type, associated with SCCmec IVc. None of the MRSA strains produced pvl, but up to 30% of <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic> strains were positive for tst.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.1235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T00:29:45Z","timestamp":1633739385000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Characterization of methicillin\u2010resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> strains colonizing the nostrils of Spanish children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Federico","family":"Rom\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nosocomial Infections Unit CNM Carlos III Health Institute  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7455-9080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Mendez\u2010Echevarria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric 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