{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:30:11Z","timestamp":1790098211124,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study compared the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among commensal <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> in the fecal microbiota of young calves raised on organic and on conventional dairy farms in Switzerland. Further, fecal carriage of extended\u2010spectrum beta\u2010lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae was assessed for calves from both farming systems. Where possible, data on antimicrobial usage (AMU) were obtained. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on a total of 71 isolates using the disk diffusion method. ESBL producers were characterized by polymerase chain reaction\u2010based multilocus sequence typing and sequencing of the <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ESBL<\/jats:sub> genes. Organically raised calves were significantly more likely to harbor <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> that showed AMR to ampicillin (odds ratio [OR]: 2.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02\u20137.61, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.046), streptomycin (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.17\u20138.92, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.046), kanamycin (OR: 11.3, 95% CI: 2.94\u201343.50, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and tetracycline (OR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.13\u20139.31, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028). Calves with reported AMU were significantly more likely to harbor <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> with resistance to ampicillin (OR: 3.91, 95% CI: 1.03\u201314.85, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.045), streptomycin (OR: 4.35, 95% CI: 1.13\u201316.7, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.045), and kanamycin (OR: 8.69, 95% CI: 2.01\u201337.7, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004). ESBL\u2010producing Enterobacteriaceae (18 <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and 3 Citrobacter braakii) were detected exclusively among samples from conventionally farmed calves (OR: infinity [\u221e], 95% CI: 2.3\u2013\u221e, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0013). The observations from this study suggest that AMR is highly prevalent among commensal <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> in young dairy calves, irrespective of the farm management system, with proportions of certain resistance phenotypes higher among organic calves. By contrast, the occurrence of ESBL producers among young dairy calves may be linked to factors associated with conventional farming.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.1269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T07:39:39Z","timestamp":1647416379000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance profiles of <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> and prevalence of extended\u2010spectrum beta\u2010lactamase\u2010producing Enterobacteriaceae in calves from organic and conventional dairy farms in Switzerland"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3242-9739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"N\u00fcesch\u2010Inderbinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"H\u00e4nni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8760-4768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrin","family":"Zurfluh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Hartnack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Stephan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01851.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.17-0445"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10806-016-9615-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 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