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Chlamydial infections are probably initiated by binding of the bacterial outer membrane protein OmcB to host cell glycosaminoglycans (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAG<\/jats:styled-content>s). Here, we show that all nine members of the polymorphic membrane protein (Pmp) family of <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> mediate adhesion to human epithelial and endothelial cells. Importantly, exposure of infectious particles to soluble recombinant Pmps blocks subsequent infection, thus implicating an important function of the entire protein family in the infection process. Analogous experiments with pairs of recombinant Pmps or a combination of Pmp and OmcB revealed that all Pmps probably act in an adhesion pathway that is distinct from the OmcB\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAG<\/jats:styled-content> pathway. Finally, we provide evidence that the Pmps of <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> exhibit species and tissue specificity. These findings argue for the involvement of <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> Pmps in the initial phase of infection and suggest that they may interact with a receptor other than the epidermal growth factor receptor recently identified for their counterparts in <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,2]],"date-time":"2014-07-02T09:45:11Z","timestamp":1404294311000},"page":"544-556","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["All subtypes of the Pmp adhesin family are implicated in chlamydial virulence and show species\u2010specific function"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Becker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Funktionelle Genomforschung der Mikroorganismen Heinrich\u2010Heine Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes H.","family":"Hegemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funktionelle Genomforschung der Mikroorganismen Heinrich\u2010Heine Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01291-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.251267298"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.8.5490"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.9.5899-5904.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2011.01598.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.12.4704-4714.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508983103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.5.1199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46801-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00780-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.07.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.11.6444-6447.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.1.275-286.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.1.1999.4.187"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.4.2383-2389.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555817329.ch5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02234-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.3.620-623.1997","article-title":"Antigenic and molecular analyses of different Chlamydia pneumoniae strains","volume":"35","author":"Jantos C. 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