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More precisely, the <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> TnrA regulator represses or activates directly or indirectly the expression of a hundred genes in response to nitrogen availability. The global TnrA regulon have already been identified among which some directly TnrA\u2010regulated genes have been characterized. However, a genome\u2010wide mapping of in\u00a0vivo TnrA\u2010binding sites was still needed to clearly define the set of genes directly regulated by TnrA. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with hybridization to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> tiling arrays (Ch<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010on\u2010chip), we now provide in\u00a0vivo evidence that TnrA reproducibly binds to 42 regions on the chromosome. Further analysis with real\u2010time in\u00a0vivo transcriptional profiling, combined with results from previous reports, allowed us to define the TnrA primary regulon. We identified 35 promoter regions fulfilling three criteria necessary to be part of this primary regulon: (i) TnrA binding in Ch<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010on\u2010chip experiments and\/or in previous in\u00a0vitro studies; (ii) the presence of a TnrA box; (iii) TnrA\u2010dependent expression regulation. In addition, the TnrA primary regulon delimitation allowed us to improve the TnrA box consensus. Finally, our results reveal new interconnections between the nitrogen regulatory network and other cellular processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,8]],"date-time":"2015-03-08T05:35:02Z","timestamp":1425792902000},"page":"423-435","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Genome\u2010wide mapping of TnrA\u2010binding sites provides new insights into the TnrA regulon in <i>Bacillus subtilis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Mirouze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR1319 Micalis INRA F\u201078352 Jouy\u2010en\u2010Josas France"},{"name":"UMR Micalis AgroParisTech F\u201078352 Jouy\u2010en\u2010Josas France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Bidnenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR1319 Micalis INRA F\u201078352 Jouy\u2010en\u2010Josas France"},{"name":"UMR Micalis AgroParisTech 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